Table 5.

Traumatic brain injury in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease.

Mouse model	Exposure	Duration exposure	Age at start exposure	Effects on brain	Effects on behaviour	Reference
APP-YAC	Cortical contusion impact (3-mm diameter impounder onto the left parietal cortex, 100 ms; velocity (v) = 4.8−5.2 m/s; depth = 1 mm)	—	10–16 months	No difference	No difference in MWM	[149]
PDAPP	Cortical impact brain injury (3-mm diameter impounder onto the left parietal cortex, 100 ms; v = 4.8−5.2 m/s; depth = 1 mm)	—	4 months	Increased hippocampal neuronal death	MWM memory impairment in transgenic as compared to controls	[150]
PDAPP	Controlled cortical impact (3-mm diameter impounder onto the left parietal cortex, 100 ms; v = 4.8−5.2 m/s; depth = 1 mm)	—	6 months	Hippocampal atrophyDecrease the hippocampus and cingulate cortex 3 months after TBI	Not measured	[156]
PDAPP	Controlled cortical impact (3-mm diameter impounder onto the left parietal cortex, 100 ms; v = 4.8−5.2 m/s; depth = 1 mm)	—	24 months	Increased hippocampal neuronal loss and gliosis Regression of Aβ in the hippocampus	Not measured	[157]
APPswe	Controlled cortical impact (3-mm diameter impounder onto the left parietal cortex, 47 ms; v = 5.82 m/s; depth = 1.2 mm, driving pressure 73 psi)	—	3 months	2× increase in Aβ40 and Aβ 42 Reduced CA3 ynaptophysin immunoreactivity	MWM performance deficit	[152]
Tg2576	Controlled cortical impact (mild to moderate, 2-mm diameter impounder onto the right cortex, v = 3.3 m/s; depth = 1 mm)	—	22 months	Gene expression differences in inflammation, immune response and cell death	Not measured	[153]
Tg2576	Controlled cortical impact (3-mm diameter impounder onto the left parietal cortex, 100 ms; v = 4.8−5.2 m/s; depth = 1 mm)	Repetitive (2×)	9 months	Increased hippocampal amyloid deposition	MWM cognitive dysfunction	[154]