Table 2.
Relationships of race/ethnicity, education, and income with questionnaire responses for dental and medical health practices of the primary caregiver (PCG) and the toddler. Analyses were performed for each questionnaire item using multivariable logistic or linear regression models with race/ethnicity, income, and education as predictors. Race/ethnicity P-values are for the overall test of any difference among the three groups. Questionnaire item numbers are listed in the left-most column (see the appendix for questionnaire). N(%) or Mean(SD) for race/ethnicity, odds ratio (OR) or correlation (R) for education and income. NH-AA = Non-Hispanic African-American, NH-W = Non-Hispanic White.
| PCG Race/Ethnicity | PCG Education | PCG Income | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hispanic (n = 75) | NH-AA (n = 175) | NH-W (n = 141) | P-value | OR/R | P-value | OR/R | P-value | ||
| Q6 | PCG helps child brush | 71(95%) | 167(95%) | 128(91%) | .0649 | 1.2 | .5586 | 1.1 | .2882 |
| Q8 | Child uses fluoride toothpaste | 34(45%) | 82(47%) | 62(44%) | .0846 | 0.9 | .5281 | 1.0 | .9273 |
| Q9 | PCG checks child for cavities | 53(71%) | 85(49%) | 71(50%) | .0337 | 0.7 | .0046 | 0.9 | .4050 |
| Q36 | Start Brush for 1st Tooth | 13(17%) | 46(26%) | 53(38%) | .0243 | 1.1 | .3197 | 1.0 | .6055 |
| Q37 | Frequency of child's brushinga | 2.3(1.2) | 1.9(0.8) | 1.8(0.9) | .0055 | −0.09 | .9872 | −0.07 | .2822 |
| Q38 | Frequency of PCG's brushinga | 1.3(0.5) | 1.5(0.7) | 1.4(0.6) | .0611 | −0.04 | .9771 | −0.10 | .2039 |
| Q39 | Frequency of PCG's flossinga | 4.3(1.7) | 4.1(1.7) | 3.7(1.5) | .4248 | −0.25 | .0030 | −0.23 | .0731 |
| Q49 | Child's dental healthb | 2.8(1.1) | 2.1(1.0) | 2.0(0.9) | .0001 | −0.15 | .3530 | −0.12 | .4345 |
| Q50 | Taking care of child's dental healthb | 3.1(0.9) | 2.4(1.0) | 2.5(0.9) | .0001 | −0.01 | .2670 | 0.00 | .6502 |
| Q51 | Child's medical healthb | 2.1(0.9) | 1.6(0.8) | 1.7(0.7) | .0003 | −0.08 | .9636 | −0.07 | .2382 |
| Q52 | Taking care of child's medical healthb | 2.2(0.9) | 1.4(0.6) | 1.6(0.7) | .0001 | −0.12 | .3430 | −0.05 | .7470 |
| Q53 | PCG's dental healthb | 3.9(0.8) | 3.5(1.1) | 3.3(1.1) | .0906 | −0.32 | .0059 | −0.35 | .0001 |
| Q54 | Taking care of own dental healthb | 3.6(0.8) | 3.2(1.1) | 3.0(1.0) | .0285 | −0.15 | .1470 | −0.15 | .2572 |
| Q55 | PCG's medical healthb | 3.1(0.9) | 2.3(1.0) | 2.5(0.9) | .0001 | −0.17 | .0643 | −0.09 | .9939 |
| Q56 | Taking care of own medical healthb | 2.9(1.0) | 2.4(1.1) | 2.6(0.9) | .0033 | −0.05 | .4921 | −0.11 | .0357 |
| Q69 | PCG often has dry mouth when eating | 10(13%) | 34(19%) | 23(16%) | .4116 | 0.9 | .3456 | 0.8 | .0137 |
| Q70 | PCG has restorations for past cavities | 57(76%) | 118(67%) | 123(87%) | .0010 | 1.7 | .0008 | 1.0 | .6392 |
| Q71 | PCG has current cavities | 42(56%) | 79(45%) | 47(33%) | .1029 | 0.8 | .0494 | 0.9 | .2353 |
| Q72 | PCG bothered by how own teeth look | 46(61%) | 79(45%) | 57(40%) | .0309 | 0.9 | .3523 | 1.0 | .5640 |
| Q73 | PCG needs dental treatment now | 64(85%) | 123(70%) | 78(55%) | .0009 | 0.9 | .3433 | 0.9 | .1089 |
| Q75 | PCG scared of going to the dentist | 15(20%) | 50(29%) | 29(21%) | .0404 | 0.8 | .1557 | 1.0 | .9971 |
| Q77 | PCG uses fluoride toothpaste | 56(75%) | 154(88%) | 118(84%) | .2974 | 1.2 | .2525 | 1.0 | .9745 |
aFrequency rated on a 1–6 scale: 1 = more than once per day, 2 = once per day, 3 = several times a week, 4 = several times a month, 5 = a few times a year, and 6 = never.bRatings on a 1–5 scale: 1 = excellent, 2 = very good, 3 = good, 4 = fair, and 5 = poor.