HuMIF, IL-10, TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-12, and TGF-β1 levels in patients with acute uncomplicated malaria infection and healthy controls and the correlation analysis of Plasmodium-derived MIFs (PMIFs) and these cytokines. (A, D, G, J, M, P) Inflammatory cytokine levels in patients with uncomplicated malaria infection and healthy controls. (B, E, H, K, N, Q) Correlations between PMIF concentrations and cytokine levels. PMIF levels and the IL-12 level were log transformed. Pearson's correlation test was used to examine statistical correlations. (C, F, I, L, O, R) Inflammatory cytokine levels in groups in which PMIF is undetectable (nonPf and nonPv) or detectable (PfMIF and PvMIF). Data shown are medians and interquartile ranges. P values were determined by nonparametric Mann-Whitney U tests. *, P < 0.01; **, P < 0.0001.