TABLE 1.

Abundance of fecal indicators and pathogens in manures from Australian feedlot cattle

Analyte	Method	No. of organisms g−1 [dry wt]a
		Fresh feces	Pen manure	Harvested manure	Aged manure	Compost manure	Carcass compost
Total coliforms	MPN	7.4 ± 0.28	6.1 ± 1.1	3.2 ± 1.9	2.7 ± 1.3	2.3 ± 1.2	3.6
E. coli	MPN	7.4 ± 0.33	5.2 ± 1.3	2.5 ± 1.6	1.6 ± 0.54	1.0	1.1 ± 0.32
	qPCR	6.8 ± 0.69	5.1 ± 0.98	3.5 ± 1.5	2.5 ± 0.56	2.8	<DLd
Enterococci	MPN	5.8 ± 0.73	5.2 ± 0.88	3.1 ± 1.5	1.7 ± 0.69	2.4 ± 1.6	2.0 ± 1.2
E. faecalis	qPCR	6.2 ± 0.87	6.0 ± 0.84	4.9 ± 0.95	3.9 ± 0.50	3.6 ± 0.38	4.6 ± 1.0
C. perfringens	qPCR	4.5 ± 0.75	3.8 ± 0.87	3.8 ± 0.98	3.7 ± 0.69	<DL	4.3 ± 0.80
Pathogenic E. colib	qPCR	5.1 ± 1.3	3.8 ± 1.9	2.6 ± 0.85	2.5 ± 0.59	2.6	2.6 ± 0.78
C. jejuni	qPCR	5.1 ± 0.94	3.3 ± 0.66	<DL	2.9	<DL	<DL
L. monocytogenes	qPCR	3.7 ± 0.53	3.2 ± 0.53	3.0 ± 0.38	3.2 ± 0.61	<DL	3.4 ± 0.64
S. enterica	qPCR	3.4	<DL	<DL	<DL	<DL	<DL
Y. pseudotuberculosis	qPCR	3.4	3.0	2.9	2.9	<DL	<DL
C. burnetii	qPCR	3.4	<DL	2.9	<DL	<DL	<DL
Leptospira spp.	qPCR	<DL	3.0	<DL	<DL	<DL	<DL
M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis	qPCR	<DL	<DL	3.0	<DL	<DL	<DL
Cryptosporidium spp.c	qPCR	3.1 ± 0.94	2.6 ± 0.71	2.4	2.5 ± 0.67	<DL	<DL
Giardia spp.c	qPCR	3.4 ± 1.6	<DL	1.8	2.3 ± 0.98	<DL	2.7 ± 0.97

^aLog₁₀ of arithmetic mean ± standard deviations of triplicate samples. Values shown without standard deviations correspond to less than three samples.

^bPositive for virulence marker gene eaeA.

^cNumbers corresponding to cysts/oocysts.

^dDL, detection limit.