Minimum spanning tree analysis of 158 C. difficile type 078 isolates by MLVA. Each circle represents either one unique isolate or more isolates that have identical MLVA types. The numbers between the circles represent the summed tandem-repeat difference (STRD) between MLVA types. Thick lines represent single-locus variants, thin lines represent double-locus variants, and the interrupted lines represent triple-locus variants between MLVA types. Clonal clusters are defined by an STRD of ≤2, and genetically related clusters are defined by an STRD of ≤10. Porcine (n = 56) isolates and the various human isolates are shown in different colors and fonts as shown in the key (on the right side of the figure). The numbers represent isolates from different geographical locations. The Leeds collection consists of isolates from Northern Ireland (1 to 44), Yorkshire and Humber (45 to 53), southwest England (54 to 57), northwest England (58 to 62), eastern England (63 and 64), and Ireland (65 to 67). The Leiden collection consists of isolates from North Holland (68 to 76), South Holland (77 to 79), Utrecht (80 to 87), Gelderland (88 to 91), Brabant (92 and 93), Groningen (94 and 95), Friesland (96), Flevoland (97), Limburg (98), Overijssel (99 to 101), and Belgium (102). Porcine strains are numbers 103 to 158.