FIG. 2.

HSV-1 infection activates cytokine expression independently of TLR2. Cells were infected with HSV-1 (17+, MOI of 1) or stimulated with TLR2 ligand Pam3CSK4 (100 ng/ml) in the presence or absence of TLR2 neutralizing antibodies (8.5 μg/ml). After 6 h, RNA was harvested, and after 18 h, supernatants were collected. Accumulation of TNF-α and IFN-β mRNA was assessed by real-time PCR (B and C), and the amounts of secreted TNF-α, CXCL10, and CCL3 were measured by ELISA (A, D, and E). RU, relative units. The results depicted are means ± SD from one of two experiments showing similar results.