TABLE 1.

Comparison of Selected Features of 3 Interventions That Were Successful in Eliminating Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Children’s Health and Health Care

Intervention Characteristic	Native American Breastfeeding Intervention	African-American HIV- Prevention Intervention	Latino Health Insurance Intervention
Study design	Observational pre/post (retrospective)	RCT	RCT
Total sample size, N	1835	522	275
Comparison/control group	+	+	+
Community based	+	+	+
Culturally and linguistically sensitive	+	+	+
Intervention included collaboration with study participants and families	+	+	+
Preliminary qualitative work performed in community	+	−	+
Intervention components	Community social marketing; health care system intervention; family education	Interactive educational group sessions at family medicine clinic	Community-based case managers
Intervention included bilingual (when relevant) personnel or peers from same community and racial/ethnic group	+	+	+
Blinding of researchers (assessors) to group allocation	Partial	−	+
Blinding of participants to group allocation	Not applicable	−	−
Duration of monitoring outcomes, y	1	1	1
Statistical analysis included multivariable adjustment of outcomes	−	+	+