Table 3.
Mean values for selected aspects of expression and course of alcoholism: U.S. adults 18 years of age and older with lifetime DSM-IV alcohol dependence, by type of lifetime psychopathologya
| Aspects of clinical presentation/course | Type of lifetime psychopathologya | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neither internalizing nor externalizing (NINE) | Internalizing only (IO) | Externalizing only (EO) | Both internalizing and externalizing (BIE) | |||||
| Male (n=1,422) | Female (n=514) | Male (n=814) | Female (n=921) | Male (n=252) | Female (n=67) | Male (n=486) | Female (n=305) | |
| Average daily volume of ethanol intake (oz.)b | 4.6 (0.2) | 2.3 (0.2) | 4.8 (0.3) | 2.7 (0.2) | 10.3 (1.8) c,d | 3.2 (0.5) | 8.2 (0.8) c,d | 6.5 (1.0) c,d,e |
| Overall freq. drinking b | 231.8 (4.3) | 192.7 (6.7) | 243.4 (5.5) | 200.8 (4.8) | 276.2 (8.0) c,d | 252.7 (19.5) c,d | 262.3 (6.9) c,d | 249.5 (8.8) c,d |
| Freq. drinking 5+ drinks b | 186.5 (4.7) | 119.2 (6.7) | 197.0 (6.5) | 126.1 (5.6) | 249.4 (9.2) c,d | 172.9 (21.4) c,d | 229.2 (7.5) c,d | 196.5 (10.3) c,d |
| Largest quantity of drinks consumed in a single dayb | 16.0 (0.3) | 8.9 (0.3) | 14.7 (0.5) c | 9.3 (0.3) | 20.5 (1.2) c,d | 10.1 (0.7) | 19.6 (0.7) c,d | 13.8 (0.7) c,d,e |
| Mean age at onset of dependence | 24.5 (0.3) | 24.8 (0.5) | 24.5 (0.3) | 25.1 (0.4) | 21.3 (0.5) c,d | 22.7 (1.1) d | 22.5 (0.4) c,d | 21.6 (0.5) c,d |
| Mean years from initiation of drinking to onset of dependence | 7.6 (0.3) | 7.1 (0.4) | 7.3 (0.3) | 7.2 (0.3) | 6.3 (0.5) c | 6.8 (1.1) | 7.0 (0.4) | 5.7 (0.4) c,d, |
| Density of familial alcoholism | 0.26 (0.01) | 0.32 (0.02) | 0.31 (0.02) c | 0.44 (0.02) c | 0.45 (0.03) c,d | 0.59 (0.07) c,d | 0.51 (0.03) c,d | 0.64 (0.04) c,d |
| # lifetime AUD symptoms | 11.6 (0.2) | 10.1 (0.3) | 13.3 (0.3) c | 11.1 (0.3) c | 16.0 (0.6) c,d | 16.4 (1.5) c,d | 17.0 (0.4) c,d | 16.9 (0.5) c,d |
| % initiating drinking <15 | 12.8 (1.1) | 13.3 (1.9) | 13.9 (1.4) | 13.9 (1.6) | 37.3 (4.1) c,d | 33.1 (7.0) c,d | 34.6 (2.5) c,d | 40.3 (3.3) c,d |
| % with multiple episodes of dependence | 23.8 (1.6) | 21.0 (2.4) | 29.2 (1.9) c | 25.7 (1.8) | 32.3 (4.5) | 41.6 (7.2) c,d | 39.8 (2.5) c,d | 36.2 (3.5) c,d |
| % in full remission from dependence at Wave 1 | 43.3 (1.6) | 40.6 (2.8) | 46.7 (2.1) | 47.0 (2.0) | 47.2 (3.9) | 50.1 (8.1) | 41.4 (2.6) | 41.1 (3.6) |
| % ever treated/participated in 12-step program | 21.9 (1.3) | 11.9 (1.5) | 22.5 (1.6) | 16.5 (1.5) c | 36.4 (3.9) c,d | 44.5 (6.7) c,d | 39.6 (2.7) c,d | 38.8 (3.4) c,d |
Note: Figures in parentheses are standard errors of percentages. Shaded cells indicate mean values that are significantly different (p<.05) for males and females.
Internalizing = major depressive disorder, bipolar 1 or 2 disorder, dysthymia, panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, specific and social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder; externalizing = illicit drug dependence, ASPD
During period of heaviest consumption
Significantly different (p<.05) than value for neither internalizing nor externalizing
Significantly different (p<.05) than value for internalizing only
Significantly different (p<.05) than value for externalizing only