Table 3.

Loci associated with fasting glucose.

Gene	Name	Function	Traits associated with the gene or risk allele(s) in addition to fasting glucose
C2CD4B	C2 calcium-dependent domain containing 4B	Encodes nuclear localized factor 2 which is expressed in endothelial cells but also in the endocrine and exocrine pancreas. It is upregulated by Interleukin-1β
CRY2	Cryptochrome 2	This is an integral component of the system regulating the circadian rhythm in mammals.	Prostate Cancer
FADS1	Fatty acid desaturase 1	A member of the fatty acid desaturase gene family regulating the introduction of double bonds between defined carbons of the fatty acyl chain	Arachidonate concentrations
G6PC2	Glucose-6-phosphatase, catalytic, 2	An enzyme belonging to the glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit family. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucose-6-phosphate, allowing the release of glucose (produced by gluconeogenesis or glycogenolysis) into the bloodstream
GLIS3	GLIS family zinc finger 3	Encodes a nuclear protein with zinc finger domains and functions as both a repressor and activator of transcription. It is involved in the development of β-cells, the thyroid, liver and kidney.	Type 1 diabetes
MADD	Mitogen-activated protein kinase activating death domain	Part of the apoptotic signaling cascade triggered by tumor necrosis factor-α and activating MAP kinase
SLC2A2	Solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 2	Encodes the GLUT2 transporter which carries glucose into β-cells and is therefore is part of the glucose-sensing of the β-cell.	* Fanconi-Bickel syndrome

^*Fanconi-Bickel syndrome is characterized by proximal renal tubular dysfunction and glycogen accumulation in the liver and kidneys.