rpoS mRNA and RpoS levels in a Δrnc mutant strain in the presence and absence of DsrA. CM1000 (rnc+ rne wild type), CM1010 [rnc+ rne(Ts)], CM1050 (Δrnc-1223::cat rne wild type), and CM1052 [Δrnc-1223::cat rne(Ts)] with the pNM12 vector or pBAD-dsrA were grown at 30°C in LB Ap to mid-exponential phase; sRNA expression was induced with 0.02% arabinose for 20 min. Samples were collected for protein and RNA isolation, as described in Materials and Methods (O.D.600, optical density at 600 nm). (A) Northern blot analysis of RNA samples was performed using the oligonucleotide probe RpoS-N3 to detect rpoS mRNA. (B) Western blot analysis of protein samples was performed using the anti-RpoS antibody to detect RpoS. Graphical analyses show the mean accumulation of the full-length rpoS mRNA or RpoS protein ± the standard deviation (n = 3) relative to that of CM1000 with the vector control. Samples were also tested by Western blotting for EF-Tu, which was close to identical in each sample. Values over the bars indicate the mean fold change.