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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Oct 13.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet. 2008;9:403–433. doi: 10.1146/annurev.genom.9.081307.164258

Figure 1.

Figure 1

A map of African language family distributions and hypothesized migration events within and out of Africa. African languages have been classified into four major language families: Niger-Kordofanian (spoken predominantly by agriculturalist populations across a broad geographic distribution in Africa), Afro-Asiatic (spoken predominantly by northern and eastern Africa pastoralists and agropastoralists), Nilo-Saharan (spoken predominantly by eastern and central African pastoralists), and Khoisan (a language containing click-consonants, spoken by southern and eastern African hunter-gatherer populations). Also plotted are the geographic origins of African samples included in the Center d’Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH) Human Genome Diversity Panel (CEPH-HGDP). Diagram adapted from Reference 170.