Table 5.
Neuropsychological Mean Scores and Standard Deviations Between Control, PFAS, and FAS Grouped children.
| Control (n = 32) | PFAS (n = 14) | FAS (n = 10) | F-test | p | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intellectual Functioning | ||||||||
| Leiter Brief IQ 1 | 101.96bc | (16.12) | 84.07a | (17.02) | 82.40a | (12.71) | F (2, 55) = 9.31 | < .001** |
| Verbal Fluency | ||||||||
| D-KEFS Letter Fluency 2 | 9.72 b | (2.24) | 6.85a | (2.44) | 6.60 | (3.50) | F (2, 54) = 5.91 | .005** |
| D-KEFS Category Fluency 2 | 9.34 | (2.92) | 7.46 | (2.50) | 10.00 | (2.70) | F (2, 54) = 2.84 | .067 |
| D-KEFS Category Switching 2 | 9.22 bc | (2.41) | 6.15 a | (3.28) | 6.50a | (1.65) | F (2, 54) = 8.85 | < .001** |
| Set Loss Errors 2 | 10.31 bc | (3.41) | 6.46a | (4.46) | 6.00a | (3.88) | F (2, 54) = 7.80 | .001** |
| Planning Ability | ||||||||
| PPT Total Score 3 | 42.09 bc | (15.73) | 26.46a | (9.83) | 28.60a | (15.52) | F (2, 55) = 6.89 | .002** |
| PPT Trials 1 – 4 3 | 3.96 | (.17) | 4.00 | (.00) | 3.60 | (.96) | F (2, 55) = 3.26 | .046 |
| PPT Trials 5 – 8 3 | 2.68 bc | (1.11) | 1.23a | (1.42) | 1.40 a | (1.50) | F (2, 55) = 8.01 | .001** |
| Memory Functions | ||||||||
| Lhermitte Spatial Score 3 | .96 b | (.07) | .89a | (.15) | .90 | (.10) | F (2, 53) = 3.65 | .033 |
| Lhermitte Spatial 15 Minute Delay 3 | 8.61 | (.80) | 7.83 | (1.58) | 8.60 | (.96) | F (2, 53) = 2.52 | .090 |
| Lhermitte Logical Score 3 | .84 b | (.17) | .52a | (.25) | .69 | (.24) | F (2, 53) = 10.53 | < .001** |
| Lhermitte Logical 15 Minute Delay 3 | 8.03 bc | (1.76) | 5.33a | (2.74) | 5.60a | (2.79) | F (2, 53) = 8.72 | .001** |
| DRST Pictorial Total Correct 3 | 14.44 | (1.68) | 14.75 | (.86) | 14.30 | (1.49) | F (2, 51) = .273 | .762 |
| DRST Pictorial Immediate Delay 3 | 8.89 | (2.20) | 8.33 | (2.53) | 8.50 | (2.32) | F (2, 51) = .293 | .747 |
| DRST Spatial Total Correct 3 | 13.89 | (1.39) | 13.33 | (1.72) | 12.70 | (1.82) | F (2, 51) = 2.29 | .111 |
| DRST Spatial Immediate Delay 3 | 10.72 | (2.58) | 10.75 c | (2.86) | 9.80 b | (2.25) | F (2, 51) = .518 | .599 |
| WISC IV Digit Span Forward 3 | 8.25 b | (2.39) | 6.21a | (1.84) | 6.40 | (1.57) | F (2, 56) = 5.71 | .006** |
| WISC IV Digit Span Backward 3 | 7.15b | (1.96) | 4.92a | (1.59) | 6.50 | (1.77) | F (2, 56) = 7.05 | .002** |
| WISC IV Digit Span Scaled Score 2 | 9.50b | (2.60) | 6.28a | (2.49) | 7.50 | (3.17) | F (2, 56) = 7.58 | .001** |
| Motor Functioning | ||||||||
| GPT Dominant Hand 4 | .15 | (1.07) | .35 | (1.30) | .43 | (1.11) | F (2, 56) = .307 | .737 |
| GPT Nondominant Hand 4 | .07 | (.84) | .52 | (.88) | .54 | (.64) | F (2, 56) = 2.09 | .133 |
a b c
indicate significant post hoc pairwise comparison between groups adjusted using Scheffe (a = control, b = PFAS, c = FAS groups).
1
Standard Score
2
Scaled Score
3
Raw Score
4
Z-score (for GPT score only, lower score indicates better performance).
**
Significant using adjusted alpha level = .0025 to compensate for inflated Type 1 error.