TABLE 4.
Main characteristics of the study patients according to the presence of left atrial (LA) dilation and/or supernormal systolic force
| No LA dilation and no supernormal LASF | LA dilation ‘alone’ | Supernormal LASF ‘alone’ | LA dilation and supernormal LASF | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence of patients, % | |||||
| Controls (n=100) | 95 | 2 | 2 | 1 | |
| Hypertension (n=181) | 80 | 9 | 7 | 4 | |
| Aortic stenosis (n=85) | 46 | 8 | 27 | 19 | |
| Hypertrophic CMP (n=40) | 53 | 11 | 20 | 15 | |
| Dilated CMP (n=94) | 30 | 13 | 29 | 28 | |
| Total (n=500) | 67 | 8 | 14 | 11 | |
| Age, years | 71±9 | 74±8 | 74±8 | 76±10 | *†‡ |
| Male sex, % | 43 | 49 | 45 | 51 | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25±4 | 27±4 | 26±4 | 27±4 | *†‡ |
| Heart rate, beats/min | 68±11 | 66±10 | 69±10 | 68±9 | |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 144±18 | 145±20 | 144±21 | 143±26 | |
| NYHA functional class (I–IV scale) | 1.1±0.4 | 1.5±0.8 | 1.7±0.7 | 1.9±0.8 | *†‡ |
| Relative wall thickness | 0.40±0.07 | 0.41±0.08 | 0.41±0.1 | 0.38±0.1 | |
| LV mass, g/m2.7 | 43±12 | 59±12 | 56±13 | 67±19 | *†‡ |
| Midwall fractional shortening, % | 16.5±3.0 | 15.2±3.3 | 15.3±3.4 | 13.8±3.3 | *†‡ |
| CESS, mmHg/mm | 135±41 | 145±60 | 130±44 | 138±38 | |
| Peak LV end-systolic pressure, mmHg | 146±22 | 153±29 | 154±30 | 155±37 | *†‡ |
| LV end-diastolic volume, mL/m3 | 20.5±4.8 | 29.4±8.1 | 26.7±7.9 | 34.4±12.2 | *†‡ |
| LV ejection fraction, % | 62±9 | 55±17 | 53±14 | 50±15 | *†‡ |
| LV stroke volume, mL/beat | 70±17 | 80±20 | 79±22 | 80±20 | *†‡ |
| Peak E wave velocity mitral flow, cm/s | 58±15 | 63±14 | 60±15 | 66±21 | |
| Peak A wave velocity mitral flow, cm/s | 69±14 | 59±14 | 92±12 | 93±19 | †‡ |
| Deceleration time of mitral flow, ms | 239±70 | 243±95 | 270±90 | 245±62 | † |
| Normal diastolic function, % | 76 | 32 | 21 | 15 | *†‡ |
| Mild diastolic dysfunction, % | 24 | 68 | 79 | 85 | *†‡ |
Data presented as mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated.
*
P<0.05 when comparing normal LA size/LA systolic force (LASF) with LA dilation ‘alone’;
†
P<0.05 when comparing normal LA size/LASF with LASF ‘alone’;
‡
P<0.05 when comparing normal LA size/LASF with LA dilation and supernormal LASF. CESS Circumferential end-systolic stress; CMP Cardiomyopathy; LV Left ventricular; NYHA New York Heart Association