Table 1.
Unadjusted Associations of Patient and Tumor Characteristics With Roles in Decisions: Multiple Observations per Patient
| Characteristic | No. of Patients | No. of Observations* | Proportion Reporting |
P† | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient Control | Shared Control | Physician Control | ||||
| Overall No. of patients | 5,383 | 10,939 | 38.9 | 43.6 | 17.5 | |
| Level of evidence for treatment | < .001 | |||||
| Evidence for | — | 7,318 | 38.7 | 46.3 | 15.0 | |
| Uncertain | — | 1,539 | 44.8 | 38.8 | 16.4 | |
| No evidence for | — | 1,482 | 32.7 | 36.3 | 31.0 | |
| Missing | — | 600 | 41.8 | 41.7 | 16.5 | |
| Preference sensitive‡ | < .001 | |||||
| No | 4,310 | 8,760 | 40.1 | 43.4 | 16.5 | |
| Yes | 1,073 | 2,179 | 34.4 | 44.5 | 21.1 | |
| Treatment modality | < .001 | |||||
| Surgery | — | 4,618 | 38.5 | 45.0 | 16.5 | |
| Radiation | — | 2,359 | 33.7 | 42.7 | 23.6 | |
| Chemotherapy | — | 3,962 | 42.5 | 42.6 | 14.9 | |
| Received treatment | < .001 | |||||
| No | — | 2,599 | 35.8 | 32.9 | 31.3 | |
| Yes | — | 8,340 | 39.9 | 47.0 | 13.1 | |
| Cancer site | .30 | |||||
| Colorectal | 3,005 | 6,079 | 38.3 | 44.5 | 17.2 | |
| Lung | 2,378 | 4,860 | 39.7 | 42.6 | 17.7 | |
| Age at diagnosis, years | .006 | |||||
| 21-55 | 618 | 1,413 | 36.9 | 44.0 | 19.2 | |
| 56-70 | 1,963 | 4,191 | 39.4 | 44.8 | 15.8 | |
| 71-80 | 1,585 | 3,184 | 39.3 | 43.8 | 16.9 | |
| ≥ 81 | 1,217 | 2,151 | 38.8 | 40.8 | 20.4 | |
| Sex | .09 | |||||
| Male | 2,874 | 5,962 | 39.9 | 43.5 | 16.7 | |
| Female | 2,509 | 4,977 | 37.8 | 43.8 | 18.4 | |
| Ethnicity | .02 | |||||
| White | 3,751 | 7,619 | 39.2 | 43.3 | 17.5 | |
| Black | 730 | 1,489 | 39.4 | 45.9 | 14.6 | |
| Hispanic | 376 | 765 | 34.5 | 44.8 | 20.7 | |
| Asian | 262 | 526 | 38.9 | 39.0 | 22.2 | |
| Other | 264 | 540 | 40.4 | 44.4 | 15.2 | |
| Marital status | < .001 | |||||
| Married | 3,331 | 6,858 | 38.9 | 44.9 | 16.2 | |
| Not married | 2,052 | 4,081 | 38.9 | 41.5 | 19.6 | |
| Education | .05 | |||||
| < High school | 897 | 1,764 | 36.0 | 45.3 | 18.7 | |
| High school graduate or some college | 2,898 | 5,882 | 38.4 | 44.2 | 17.4 | |
| College degree or higher | 1,588 | 3,293 | 41.4 | 41.8 | 16.9 | |
| Income, $ | .06 | |||||
| < 20,000 | 1,501 | 2,987 | 40.1 | 42.2 | 17.7 | |
| 20,000 to < 40,000 | 1,626 | 3,215 | 36.5 | 46.1 | 17.4 | |
| 40,000 to < 60,000 | 991 | 2,032 | 38.8 | 42.6 | 18.6 | |
| ≥ 60,000 | 1,265 | 2,705 | 40.6 | 43.1 | 16.3 | |
| No. of self-reported comorbid conditions | .48 | |||||
| 0 | 2,418 | 4,980 | 38.1 | 44.9 | 17.0 | |
| 1 | 1,802 | 3,615 | 39.9 | 42.6 | 17.5 | |
| 2 | 772 | 1,582 | 39.1 | 41.9 | 19.0 | |
| ≥ 3 | 391 | 762 | 39.1 | 43.7 | 17.2 | |
| Prediagnosis health status | .01 | |||||
| Quartile 1 | 1,344 | 2,776 | 36.9 | 43.8 | 19.3 | |
| Quartile 2 | 1,417 | 2,849 | 37.1 | 44.9 | 17.9 | |
| Quartile 3 | 1,217 | 2,487 | 41.6 | 41.7 | 16.7 | |
| Quartile 4 | 1,405 | 2,827 | 40.4 | 43.9 | 15.7 | |
| CES-D short form | .50 | |||||
| ≤ 5 | 4,519 | 9,092 | 38.7 | 44.0 | 17.3 | |
| ≥ 6 | 864 | 1,847 | 40.0 | 42.0 | 18.0 | |
| Study site | < .001 | |||||
| Los Angeles county | 1,141 | 2,353 | 38.7 | 40.8 | 20.5 | |
| Alabama | 613 | 1,234 | 38.1 | 47.8 | 14.1 | |
| 8 counties in Northern California | 1,124 | 2,243 | 41.4 | 39.3 | 19.3 | |
| 22 counties in eastern North Carolina | 621 | 1,242 | 32.7 | 52.7 | 14.6 | |
| Iowa | 491 | 1,007 | 40.3 | 45.4 | 14.3 | |
| 5 HMOs | 833 | 1,703 | 38.8 | 43.0 | 18.2 | |
| 15 Veterans Affairs hospitals | 560 | 1,157 | 41.1 | 42.9 | 16.0 | |
Abbreviations: CES-D, Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression Scale; HMOs, health maintenance organizations.
*
Observations considered as decisions.
†
Using univariate multinomial logit and accounting for clustering by patients.
‡
Metastatic cancer.