Table 1.

Definition of Frailty^* Criteria

Characteristic	Definition
Shrinking	Unintentional Weight Loss of >10 Pounds
Weakness	Lowest 20% in grip strength (adjusted by gender and BMI [kg/m2])
Men	Strength ≤21 for BMI ≤24.2
	Strength ≤24.5 for BMI 24.3–26.8
	Strength ≤25.4 for BMI 26.9–29.5
	Strength ≤25.5 for BMI >29.5
Women	Strength ≤13.5 kg for BMI ≤24.7
	Strength ≤14.2 kg for BMI 24.8–28.3
	Strength ≤15.0 kg for BMI 28.4–32.1
	Strength ≤15.0 kg for BMI >32.1
Exhaustion	Self-report positive answer from either of two question on CES-D scale: I felt that everything I did was an effort, I could not get going
Slowness	Slowest 20% of walking time from 4.87-m walk test adjusted by gender and height (cm)
Men	Time ≥11.2 s for height ≤167.6 cm
	Time ≥9.7 s for height >167.6 cm
Women	Time ≥12.0 s for height ≤153.7 cm
	Time ≥11.2 s for height >153.7 cm

Notes: BMI = body mass index; CES-D = Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale.

^*Frailty was defined as meeting one or more of the following components: (a) unintentional weight loss of >10 pounds, (b) weakness, (c) self-reported exhaustion, and (d) slow walking speed.