Table 4.
General Estimation Equations for Becoming Frail (one or more components) Over 10-year of Follow-up as a Function of Cognitive Impairment (MMSE < 21) Among Nonfrail Participants at Baseline (n = 942)
| Model 1 |
Model 2 |
|
| Predictor Variables | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) |
| Time | 1.15 (1.09–1.22) | 1.20 (1.11–1.29) |
| Cognitive impairment (MMSE < 21) | 1.05 (0.76–1.44) | 1.04 (0.75–1.44) |
| Age (years) | 1.05 (1.04–1.07) | 1.05 (1.04–1.07) |
| Gender (female) | 1.21 (0.96–1.53) | 1.11 (0.86–1.43) |
| Marital status (married) | 0.87 (0.69–1.10) | 0.88 (0.69–1.13) |
| Education | 0.99 (0.97–1.02) | 0.99 (0.97–1.02) |
| Cognitive impairment (MMSE < 21) × time | 1.09 (1.01–1.17) | 1.09 (1.00–1.19) |
| Gender (female) × Time | 1.02 (0.93–1.08) | 1.04 (0.98–1.11) |
| Marital status (married) × Time | 1.07 (1.01–1.13) | 1.06 (1.00–1.13) |
| Diabetes | 1.20 (0.94–1.54) | |
| Heart attack | 0.89 (0.55–1.46) | |
| Stroke | 1.06 (0.63–1.78) | |
| Hypertension | 1.25 (0.97–1.61) | |
| Arthritis | 1.23 (0.96–1.56) | |
| Hip fracture | 1.07 (0.34–3.33) | |
| Cancer | 1.10 (0.65–1.86) | |
| Diabetes × Time | 1.05 (0.98–1.12) | |
| Heart attack × Time | 1.05 (0.94–1.18) | |
| Stroke × Time | 1.00 (0.89–1.13) | |
| Hypertension × Time | 0.91 (0.85–0.96) | |
| Arthritis × Time | 0.99 (0.93–1.04) | |
| Hip fracture × Time | 1.28 (1.00–1.65) | |
| Cancer × Time | 1.00 (0.88–1.13) |
Note: MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination; OR = odds ratio.