Table 1.
Participant Characteristics
| Control Subjects (n = 30) | CD (n = 25) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years, mean ± SD) | 15.3 ± .7 | 15.6 ± 1.0 | .279 |
| Estimated IQ (mean ± SD) | 108.3 ± 14.0 | 97.2 ± 11.0 | .002 |
| MDD Diagnosis | 0a | 2 | |
| ADHD Diagnosis | 0a | 5 | |
| Psychopathic Traits (YPI) | 1.94 ± .35 | 2.44 ± .35 | <.001 |
| Anxiety | 11.5 ± 6.9 | 13.0 ± 6.3 | .396 |
| SES | |||
| Low | 5 | 4 | |
| Middle | 10 | 0 | .799 |
| High | 15 | 10 | |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Caucasian | 29 | 23 | .448 |
| Nonwhite | 1 | 2 | |
| Regular Use of: | |||
| Tobacco | 3 (10%) | 20 (80%) | <.001 |
| Alcohol | 11 (37%) | 19 (76%) | .002 |
| Cannabis | 3 (10%) | 15 (60%) | <.001 |
Socioeconomic status information was unavailable for one conduct disorder participant.
ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; CD, conduct disorder; MDD, major depressive disorder; SES, socioeconomic status; YPI, Youth Psychopathic traits Inventory.
a
The presence of major depressive disorder or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder was an exclusion criterion for the control group.