Table 1.
Parameter Estimates With Direct Cultural Group Membership Effects on Two Positive Affect Items and Indices of Model Fit for MIMIC Models
| Comparison 1 |
Comparison 2 |
Comparison 3 |
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| Variable | Hopeful | Happy | Hopeful | Happy | Hopeful | Happy |
| γ1.1 Estimated direct effect of cultural group membership | .31*** | .32*** | .31*** | .47*** | .04* | .24*** |
| Effect of covariates on latent trait of depression | ||||||
| γ0.1 Cultural group membership | .23*** | .22*** | −.03 | −.02 | −.18*** | −.18*** |
| γ0.2 Age | −.03 | −.03 | .03 | .03 | .00 | .01 |
| γ0.3 Sex | .02 | .02 | .03 | .03 | .00 | .01 |
| γ0.4 Marital status | .16*** | .16*** | .18*** | .18*** | .19*** | .19*** |
| γ0.5 Education | −.07 | −.07 | −.14*** | −.14*** | −.12*** | −.12*** |
| Fit indices | ||||||
| χ2 (79) | 585.33 | 578.10 | 2,498.65 | 2,125.33 | 1,863.95 | 1,725.14 |
| CFI | .80 | .80 | .79 | .82 | .85 | .86 |
| RMSEA | .08 | .08 | .11 | .10 | .09 | .09 |
| SRMR | .06 | .06 | .08 | .08 | .06 | .06 |
Notes: Comparison 1 = Korean Americans compared with Whites; Comparison 2 = Koreans compared with Whites; Comparison 3 = Koreans compared with Korean Americans. CFI = comparative fit index; MIMIC = Multiple Indicator Multiple Cause; RMSEA = root mean square error of approximation; SRMR = standardized root-mean-square residual.
*p < .05; ***p < .001.