Table 5.
Multilevel Regression Results for Residential Crowding Among Hispanics and Non-Hispanic Whites Aged 65 Years and Older
| Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
Model 4 |
Model 5 |
Model 6 |
|||||||
| (Fixed effects only) | b | SE | b | SE | b | SE | b | SE | b | SE | b | SE |
| Individual variables | ||||||||||||
| Intercept | .359** | .002 | .216** | .004 | .215** | .004 | .260** | .004 | .310** | .009 | .313** | .008 |
| Mexican | .451** | .038 | .308** | .027 | .277** | .025 | .251** | .024 | .222** | .024 | .221** | .024 |
| Puerto Rican | .212** | .014 | .115** | .010 | .050** | .013 | .034a | .014 | .036* | .013 | .036* | .013 |
| Cuban | .275** | .032 | .184** | .028 | .114** | .028 | .102** | .026 | .072** | .022 | .072** | .022 |
| Central American | .634** | .048 | .407** | .034 | .340** | .029 | .316** | .027 | .225** | .028 | .224** | .028 |
| South American | .405** | .019 | .242** | .016 | .172** | .022 | .156** | .022 | .077* | .029 | .077* | .029 |
| Age (years) | −.002 | .004 | −.001 | .004 | −.002 | .004 | −.002 | .003 | −.002 | .003 | ||
| Age squared | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | ||
| Female | −.009** | .003 | −.009** | .003 | −.020** | .003 | −.017** | .003 | −.017** | .003 | ||
| Married | .146** | .003 | .145** | .003 | .139** | .003 | .137** | .003 | .137** | .003 | ||
| Self-care limitation | .045** | .006 | .045** | .005 | .394** | .005 | .036** | .006 | .036** | .006 | ||
| Minor child(ren) | .449** | .022 | .444** | .021 | .437** | .020 | .418** | .018 | .418** | .018 | ||
| Extended kin/nonrelatives | .137** | .017 | .139** | .017 | .137** | .017 | .141** | .017 | .141** | .017 | ||
| Renter | .181** | .007 | .178** | .006 | .169** | .006 | .158** | .005 | .158** | .005 | ||
| Coresident | .208** | .015 | .202** | .014 | .189** | .012 | .172** | .010 | .172** | .010 | ||
| Foreign born | .090** | .013 | .081** | .011 | ||||||||
| High school education | −.031** | .004 | −.030** | .004 | −.030** | .004 | ||||||
| Personal income (ln) | −.007** | .001 | −.005** | .001 | −.005** | .001 | ||||||
| Investment income (ln) | −.003** | .000 | −.003** | .000 | −.003** | .000 | ||||||
| English language ability | −.051** | .007 | −.051** | .007 | ||||||||
| Immigrated | ||||||||||||
| 1990–2000a | .362** | .036 | .361** | .036 | ||||||||
| 1980–1989 | .270** | .032 | .269** | .032 | ||||||||
| 1970–1979 | .139** | .030 | .139** | .031 | ||||||||
| 1969 or earlier | .008 | .005 | .007 | .005 | ||||||||
| MSA variables | ||||||||||||
| Hispanic population | .0005b | .0002 | ||||||||||
| Index of dissimilarity | −.005 | .017 | ||||||||||
| Rental vacancy | −.002 | .002 | ||||||||||
| Median gross rent (000s) | .038a | .019 | ||||||||||
Notes: b = unstandardized ordinary least squares regression coefficient; SE = standard error of coefficient; MSA = metropolitan statistical areas. Number of cases: individuals = 94,854 and MSAs = 297. Regression estimates based on weighted data.
a
Reference group is U.S. born.
b
Marginally significant between .05 and .01.
*p ≤ .01; **p ≤ .001, two-tailed test.