Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Oct 14.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Immunol. 2010;105:159–191. doi: 10.1016/S0065-2776(10)05006-6

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Amino acids defining AID activity. Amino acids have been identified that bind co-factors, cause catalysis, recognize the hotspot motif, and shuttle the protein in and out of the nucleus. Confirmed residues that function in these activities are shown in the upper diagram. Amino acids that are phosphorylated are marked by asterisks and black bars; NES, nuclear export signal. Putative residues that may function are shown in the lower diagram. These include nuclear localization signals (NLS) in the N-terminal region identified by two groups, NLSa (Patenaude et al., 2009), in gray bars, and NLSb (Ito et al., 2004) in black bars. Two residues that may cause retention of AID in the cytoplasm are shown in the C-terminal region (Patenaude et al., 2009).