TABLE 3.
Mean (95% CI) multivariate-adjusted waist circumference measures and abdominal measures of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) models by whole- and refined-grain intake quintile (Q) categories
| Grain-intake categories |
||||||
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | P for trend | |
| Whole grain | ||||||
| Waist circumference (cm)1 | 97.0 (95.8, 98.2) | 97.6 (96.5, 98.8) | 97.2 (96.0, 98.4) | 94.2 (93.0, 95.5) | 93.7 (92.4, 94.9) | <0.001 |
| SAT (cm3)1 | 2895 (2772, 3017) | 2941 (2819, 3063) | 2917 (2793, 3041) | 2616 (2490, 2743) | 2552 (2422, 2682) | <0.001 |
| SAT (cm3)2 | 2756 (2661, 2852) | 2825 (2731, 2920) | 2855 (2759, 2952) | 2724 (2625, 2822) | 2739 (2638, 2841) | 0.28 |
| VAT (cm3)1 | 1883 (1807, 1959) | 1861 (1785, 1936) | 1808 (1731, 1885) | 1642 (1563, 1720) | 1563 (1482, 1643) | <0.001 |
| VAT (cm3)3 | 1864 (1805, 1923) | 1823 (1765, 1882) | 1780 (1720, 1840) | 1730 (1669, 1791) | 1676 (1614, 1739) | <0.001 |
| Refined grain | ||||||
| Waist circumference (cm)1 | 95.9 (94.7, 97.2) | 95.8 (94.6, 97.0) | 95.2 (94.0, 96.4) | 96.4 (95.2, 97.6) | 97.3 (96.0, 98.6) | 0.06 |
| SAT (cm3)1 | 2748 (2620, 2876) | 2743 (2618, 2868) | 2728 (2603, 2853) | 2862 (2737, 2987) | 2934 (2800, 3068) | 0.01 |
| SAT (cm3)2 | 2769 (2670, 2868) | 2812 (2715, 2909) | 2793 (2696, 2890) | 2789 (2692, 2886) | 2748 (2644, 2852) | 0.60 |
| VAT (cm3)1 | 1727 (1648, 1806) | 1680 (1602, 1757) | 1684 (1606, 1761) | 1818 (1741, 1895) | 1928 (1846, 2011) | <0.001 |
| VAT (cm3)3 | 1765 (1703, 1826) | 1720 (1660, 1780) | 1729 (1669, 1789) | 1811 (1752, 1871) | 1894 (1830, 1958) | <0.001 |
1
Adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, total energy, and alcohol intake.
2
Adjusted for covariates listed in footnote 1 with further adjustment for VAT.
3
Adjusted for covariates listed in footnotes 1 and 2 with further adjustment for SAT.