Table 5.
Alcohol Risk among Non-Smokers on Oral Cavity and Pharyngeal Cancers
| Ref No. |
Reference, study location and period |
Organ site (ICD code) |
Characteristics of cases |
Characteristics of controls |
Exposure assessment |
Exposure categories |
Relative risk |
95% CI | Adjustmen t factors in study design or analysis |
Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 53 | Talamini, et al. (1990) Milan & Pordenone, Italy, 1986–89 |
Oral cavity and pharynx | 27 (6 men, 21 women) | 572 (288 men, 284 women) hospital-based controls matched on age and area of residence | Interviewer-administered questionnaire |
Total alcohol <14 drinks/week 14–55 >55 χ2 for trend |
1 1.5 2.2 4.08 |
0.6–3.7 0.2–27.9 0.04 |
Age, sex | Includes study population from Franceschi (1990) |
| 54 | Ng, et al. (1993) USA, 1977–91 |
Oral cavity and pharynx (ICD9 141, 143–146, 148, 149) | 173 (73 men, 100 women) white cases in 8 US cities; histologically confirmed | 613 (254 men, 359 women) hospital-based controls matched (up to 4:1 controls:cases) on age, sex, date of interview; excluded patients with tobacco related conditions | Interviewer-administered questionnaire |
Total alcohol Non-drinker <1 OWE1/day 1–2.9 3–6.9 7+ χ2 for trend |
Men/Women 1/1 1.3/0.9 2.4/0.9 2.9/0.4 4.4/2.6 11.7/0.00 |
Men/Women 0.6–3.1/0.5–1.6 1.0–5.6/0.3–2.6 1.1–7.6/0.0–7.1 1.4–13.7/0.5–13.3 p<0.001/NS |
Non-smokers of study from Kabat (1994) 1OWE: ounces of whiskey equivalent |
|
| 55 | Talamini, et al. (1998) Italy & Switzerland, 1992–97 |
Oral cavity and pharynx | 60 (20 men, 40 women) cases from Pordenone, Rome, Latina (Italy) and Vaud (Switzerland); aged 22–77, 95% response rate, histologically confirmed | 692 (346 men, 346 women) hospital-based controls, response rate 95% | Interviewer-administered questionnaire |
Total alcohol Never drinkers <21 drinks/week 21–34 35–55 ≥ 56 χ2 for trend Ex-drinkers (abstain ≥ 1 yr) |
1 0.8 0.8 5.0 5.3 6.2 2.0 |
0.4–1.6 0.2–2.7 1.5–16.1 1.1–24.8 p = 0.01 0.7–5.4 |
Age, sex, education, study center | Study population from Franceschi (2000) |
| 52 | Fioretti, et al. (1999) Milan & Pordenone, Italy, 1984–93 |
Oral cavity and pharynx | 42 (10 men, 32 women) lifelong non-smoking cases from a network of general and teaching hospitals in Milan and Pordenone; histologically confirmed | 864 (442 men, 422 women) hospital-based lifelong non-smoking non-cancer controls matched on age and area of residence; excluded patients with tobacco related conditions | Interviewer-administered questionnaire |
Total alcohol Non-drinkers >0–<3 drinks/day ≥3 Wine drinkers Beer drinkers Spirit drinkers |
1 3.4 2.6 3.3 3.3 1.0 |
1.1–10.1 0.7–9.3 1.1–9.6 0.7–16.4 0.2–6.1 |
Age, sex, education, study center | Study population from Franceschi (1990) |
| 56 | Hashibe, et al. (2007) International Consortium of Head and Neck Cancer. Combined analysis of 15 studies from US, South and Central American, European countries |
Oral cavity (ICD9 140, 141, 143–5) |
383 cases who never used tobacco | 5,775 controls who never used tobacco | Interview or self-administrated questionnaire |
Total alcohol Never Ever <1 drink/day 1–2 drinks/day 3–4 drinks/day >=5 drinks/day p for trend Years of drinking Never 1–10 years 11–20 years 21–30 years 31–40 years >40 years |
1.00 1.17 1.14 1.64 1.11 1.23 1.00 2.36 1.09 0.81 1.29 1.15 |
0.92–1.48 0.8–1.63 1.19–2.25 0.57–2.15 0.59–2.57 0.032 1.43–3.88 0.65–1.85 0.49–1.33 0.88–1.9 0.77–1.73 |
Age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, study center | |
| Oro-pharynx/ Hypo-pharynx (ICD9 146, 148) |
369 cases who never used tobacco | 5,775 controls who never used tobacco |
Total alcohol Never Ever <1 drink/day 1–2 drinks/day 3–4 drinks/day >=5 drinks/day p for trend Years of drinking Never 1–10 years 11–20 years 21–30 years 31–40 years >40 years |
1.00 1.38 1.39 1.66 2.33 5.50 1.00 1.76 1.34 1.95 1.44 1.51 |
0.99–1.94 0.99–1.96 1.18–2.34 1.37–3.98 2.26–13.4 <0.001 0.99–3.14 0.81–2.11 1.37–2.77 0.78–2.66 0.68–3.37 |
|||||
| Oral cavity or pharynx NOS (ICD9 |
155 cases who never used tobacco | 4983 controls who never used tobacco |
Total alcohol Never Ever <1 drink/day 1–2 drinks/day 3–4 drinks/day >=5 drinks/day p for trend Years of drinking Never 1–10 years 11–20 years 21–30 years 31–40 years >40 years |
1.00 1.09 1.08 1.24 2.32 0.77 1.00 2.59 1.09 1.26 0.86 0.92 |
0.77–1.54 0.67–1.75 0.77–1.99 1.24–4.34 0.27–2.18 0.891 1.38–4.86 0.56–2.11 0.73–2.17 0.47–1.57 0.49–1.71 |
|||||