Table 2.
A list of genes that are silenced in gliomas
| Gene Name | Gene | Function | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| O6-methylguanine methyltransferase | MGMT | DNA Repair | [55-57,93] |
| mutL homolog 1 | MLH1 | DNA Repair | [94,95] |
| Target of Methylation Induced Silencing | TMS1/ASC | apoptosis regulation | [67,96] |
| Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 | TFPI-2 | protease inhibition | [97] |
| cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A | p16/CDKN2A | cell cycle regulation | [65,93,98-101] |
| epithelial membrane protein 3 | EMP3 | proliferation | [69,70] |
| Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family member 1 | RASSF1A | tumor suppressor | |
| cell cycle regulation | [102-105] | ||
| phosphate and tensin homolog | PTEN | tumor suppressor; proliferation | [106,107] |
| tumor protein 53 | TP53 | cell cycle regulation; apoptosis | [93] |
| death associated protein kinase | DAPK | apoptosis regulation; angiogenesis inhibition | [93] |
| p14ARF | p14 | cell cycle regulation | [93,101,108-110] |
| cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2B | p15/CDKN2B | cell cycle regulation | [45,101,109] |
| retinablastoma 1 | RB1 | cell cycle regulation | [93,101,109, 111,112] |
| zinc finger , MYND-type containing 10 | BLU | tumor suppressor | [102,105] |
| tumor protein 73 | TP73 | cell cycle regulation; apoptosis | [93,104,109, 110,113] |
| tachykinin precursor 1 | TAC1 | neurotransmitter | [114] |
| TSPY-like 5 | TSPYL5 | nucleosome assembly | [114] |
| cystatin E/M | CST6 | protease inhibition | [114] |
| Bcl-2 interacting killer | BIK | apoptosis | [114] |
| tumor associated cancer signal transducer 2 | TACSTD2 | signal transduction | [114] |
| chloride intracellular channel 3 | CLIC3 | growth regulation | [114] |
| transcription factor DP family, member 3 | TFDP3 | transcription regulation | [114] |
| ribonuclease T2 | RNASET2 | tumorigenesis | [114] |
| cytidine deaminase | CDA | cytidine metabolism | [114] |
| cysteine deoxygenase, type 1 | CDO1 | cysteine regulation | [114] |
| TSPY-like 2 | TSPYL2 | nucleosome assembly | [114] |
| TSPY-like 3 | TSPYL3 | nucleosome assembly | [114] |
| TSPY-like 6 | TSPYL6 | nucleosome assembly | [114] |
| Glutathione S-transferase P1 | GSTP1 | detoxification | [93] |
| thrombospondin-1 | THBS1 | angiogenesis inhibition | [93,115] |
| tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 | TIMP3 | protease inhibition | [93] |
| androgen receptor | AR | transcription factor | [104] |
| cadherin type 1, E-cadherin | CDH1 | cell adhesion | [104,116] |
| POU domain 3, transcription factor 1 | OCT6 | transcription factor | [104] |
| metallothionein 1A | MT1A | antioxidant | [104] |
| wilms tumor 1 | WT1 | transcription factor; development | [104] |
| interferon regulatory factor 7 | IRF7 | apoptosis regulation | [104] |
| protocadherin gamma subfamily A, 11 | PCDH-γ-A11 | cell adhesion | [117] |
| solute carrier family 5 (iodide transporter), member 8 | SLC5A8 | ion transport; apoptosis; cell cycle regulation | [96] |
| large tumor suppressor, homolog 1 | LATS1 | cell cycle regulation | [118] |
| large tumor suppressor, homolog 2 | LATS2 | cell cycle regulation | [118] |
| testis derived transcript | TES | protein-protein interactions; tumor suppressor | [119] |
| runt related transcription factor 3 | RUNX | transcription factor; proliferation | [119] |
| ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, beta 2 polypeptide | ATP1B2/AMOG | ion transport; cell size regulation | [120] |
| apolipoprotein D | APOD | lipid transport and metabolism | [120] |
| dmx-like 1 | DMXL1 | unknown; family members involved in cell regulatory processes |
[120] |
| family with seqeunce similiarity 107, member A | FAM107A/DRR1 | cell growth regulation | [120] |
| pleckstrin and Sec 7 domain containing 3 | PSD3 | signal transduction regulation | [120] |
| harakiri, BCL2 interacting protein | HRK | apoptosis | [121] |
| caspase 8 | caspase 8 | apoptosis | [122] |
| Estrogen Receptor 1 | ESR1 | transcription | [99,116] |
| calcitonin related polypeptide alpha | CALCA | calcium regulation, signaling, regulation | [116] |
| myogenic differentiation 1 | MYOD1 | differentiation, muscle development | [116] |
| Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family member 5 | RASSF5/NORE1A | apoptosis, signal transduction, cell cycle regulation | [105] |
| tumor suppressor candidate 3 | TUSC3/N33 | tumor suppressor | [99] |
| hypermethylated in cancer 1 | HIC1 | cell cycle and transcription regulation | [99] |
| cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A | CDKN1A/p21 | cell cycle regulation | [109] |
| cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2B | CDKN1B/p27kip1 | cell cycle regulation | [109] |
| carboxy terminal modulator protein | CTMP/ THEM4 | Akt inhibition | [123] |
In this table, the names of genes that have been shown to be silenced in gliomas are listed. Moreover, the potential function of each gene and reference are also listed.