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. 2010 Oct 14;6(10):e1001148. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1001148

Figure 4. Role of Leishmania surface molecules in the inactivation of AP-1.

Figure 4

(A) EMSA for AP-1 DNA binding activity of nuclear extracts from B10R macrophages infected for 1 hr with L. donovani 1S2D (LPG+/+), L. donovani LPG−/−, L. major (WT), L. major GP63 −/− or L. major GP63 Rescued (GP63 R) promastigotes. A consensus DNA sequence for SP-1 binding was used as non-specific control (NSCO). A 100× molar excess of AP-1 probe was used as a specific competitor (SCO). 1 hr stimulation with LPS (100 ng/ml) was used as a positive control for the induction of AP-1 DNA binding. (B) Macrophages were infected for 1 hr with L. major (WT), L. major GP63 −/− or L. major Rescued promastigotes at 20∶1 ratio. WB of AP-1 subunits was performed with the total cell lysate. β-actin was used as a loading control.