Table 1.
Patient characteristics at baseline
| variable | n | (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Demographic | ||
| Age (years); mean (SD) | 51 | (14) |
| gender (male) | 292 | (50) |
| education | ||
| low* | 210 | (36) |
| middle | 234 | (40) |
| high | 135 | (23) |
| Disease characteristics | ||
| shoulder complaints in the past year | 321 | (55) |
| neck complaints in the past year | 252 | (43) |
| duration of complaints | ||
| 0-6 weeks | 205 | (35) |
| 7-12 weeks | 139 | (24) |
| > 3 months | 242 | (41) |
| gradual onset (vs. acute) | 363 | (62) |
| shoulder pain (0-10); mean (SD) | 4.8 | (2) |
| shoulder disability (0-100); mean (SD) | 59.9 | (24) |
| both shoulders afflicted | 74 | (13) |
| co-morbidity | 469 | (80) |
| upper extremity joint pain | 245 | (42) |
| neck pain | 197 | (34) |
| upper extremity joint pain | 174 | (30) |
| low back pain | 139 | (24) |
| high back pain | 53 | (9) |
| Psychological factors | ||
| psychological complaints | 55 | (9) |
| pain coping (0-6); mean (SD) | 2.98 | (0.98) |
| catastrophizing (0-6); mean (SD) | 2.2 | (0.8) |
| internal locus of control (0-6); mean (SD) | 3.3 | (0.9) |
| external locus of control(0-6); mean (SD) | 3.2 | (0.88) |
| anxiety (0-6); mean (SD) | 0.3 | (1.2) |
| depression (0-6); mean (SD) | 0.2 | (1.3) |
| somatisation (0-6); mean (SD) | 3.3 | (4.1) |
| distress (0-6); mean (SD) | 2.3 | (4.5) |
| fear-avoidance (0-6); mean (SD) | 14.1 | (5.6) |
| kinesophobia (0-6); mean (SD) | 3.2 | (3.5) |
| Physical factors | ||
| physical load at work (0-5); mean (SD) | 1.2 | (1.5) |
| physical activity | ||
| less active than others | 110 | (39) |
| equally active | 245 | (42) |
| more active | 226 | (19) |
| inability to perform daily activities last year | ||
| 1-30 days | 184 | (31) |
| 1-12 months | 61 | (10) |
| sporting activities | 230 | (39) |
| cause of shoulder problem: sporting injury | 29 | (5) |
SD = standard deviation