Table 2.
Depressive symptoms by patient characteristics separately for males and females
| Males (N = 2491) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Mean | (SD) | Diff | (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Ever afraid of partner | ||||||
| Not ever afraid | 2185 | 8.88 | (9.28) | Ref | ||
| Ever afraid of partner | 179 | 18.23 | (12.61) | 9.17 | (7.66, 10.69) | < 0.001 |
| Hazardous drinking | ||||||
| No | 1841 | 9.09 | (9.62) | Ref | ||
| Yes | 620 | 11.52 | (11.02) | 2.51 | (1.58, 3.45) | < 0.001 |
| Current smoker | ||||||
| No | 2051 | 8.73 | (8.98) | Ref | ||
| Yes | 430 | 14.73 | (13.14) | 5.84 | (4.78, 6.89) | < 0.001 |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Never married/single | 423 | 13.16 | (11.92) | < 0.001 | ||
| Widowed/divorced/separated | 321 | 14.09 | (12.42) | 0.89 | (-0.59, 2.37) | |
| Married | 1729 | 8.1 | (8.55) | -5.03 | (-6.13, -3.94) | |
| Sexuality | ||||||
| Exclusively heterosexual | 2240 | 9.4 | (9.90) | Ref | ||
| Not exclusively heterosexual | 147 | 12.76 | (11.12) | 3.07 | (1.26, 4.88) | 0.001 |
| Live alone | ||||||
| No | 2171 | 9.03 | (9.41) | Ref | ||
| Yes | 314 | 14.74 | (12.76) | 5.67 | (4.45, 6.89) | < 0.001 |
|
Long term illness/health problem or disability |
||||||
| No | 1405 | 7.08 | (7.52) | Ref | ||
| Yes | 1021 | 13.62 | (11.90) | 6.57 | (5.76, 7.38) | < 0.001 |
| Health rating | ||||||
| Excellent | 205 | 4.9 | (6.05) | Ref | < 0.001 | |
| Very good | 808 | 5.84 | (6.32) | 0.94 | (-0.49, 2.37) | |
| Good | 962 | 9.86 | (9.17) | 4.89 | (3.48, 6.30) | |
| Fair | 397 | 16.58 | (12.18) | 11.71 | (10.13, 13.28) | |
| Poor | 92 | 23.64 | (13.46) | 18.66 | (16.35, 20.96) | |
| Females (N = 4991) | ||||||
| n | Mean | (SD) | Diff | (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Ever afraid of partner | ||||||
| Not ever afraid | 3845 | 9.44 | (9.40) | Ref | ||
| Ever afraid of partner | 1022 | 16.19 | (12.52) | 6.67 | (5.99, 7.36) | < 0.001 |
| Hazardous drinking | ||||||
| No | 4364 | 10.41 | (10.27) | Ref | ||
| Yes | 608 | 14.38 | (11.65) | 3.93 | (3.05, 4.80) | < 0.001 |
| Current smoker | ||||||
| No | 4043 | 9.98 | (9.82) | Ref | ||
| Yes | 926 | 14.78 | (12.33) | 4.74 | (4.01, 5.47) | < 0.001 |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Never married/single | 911 | 13.61 | (11.50) | < 0.001 | ||
| Widowed/divorced/separated | 991 | 13.15 | (12.23) | -0.48 | (-1.40, 0.43) | |
| Married | 3040 | 9.36 | (9.27) | -4.22 | (-4.97, -3.46) | |
| Sexuality | ||||||
| Exclusively heterosexual | 4563 | 10.53 | (10.33) | Ref | ||
| Not exclusively heterosexual | 207 | 15.99 | (12.03) | 5.41 | (3.98, 6.84) | < 0.001 |
| Live alone | ||||||
| No | 4304 | 10.66 | (10.32) | Ref | ||
| Yes | 682 | 12.44 | (11.65) | 1.85 | (1.02, 2.68) | < 0.001 |
|
Long term illness/health problem or disability |
||||||
| No | 3552 | 9.5 | (9.53) | Ref | ||
| Yes | 1336 | 14.42 | (12.08) | 4.93 | (4.30, 5.57) | < 0.001 |
| Health rating | ||||||
| Excellent | 557 | 5.58 | (7.05) | Ref | < 0.001 | |
| Very good | 1969 | 7.99 | (8.11) | 2.47 | (1.59, 3.35) | |
| Good | 1677 | 12.51 | (10.33) | 6.96 | (6.06, 7.86) | |
| Fair | 612 | 17.61 | (12.36) | 12.08 | (11.01, 13.15) | |
| Poor | 114 | 26.1 | (14.71) | 20.48 | (18.60, 22.37) | |
Ref = reference category for patient characteristics
SD = Standard deviation
Difference in mean depressive symptoms (Diff), respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) and p-values calculated using mixed effects linear regression using restricted maximum likelihood estimation (REML), treating GP practice as a random effect
Analysis reported separately for males and females when p-value for interaction was 10% or greater in Table 1