Table 1.

Plant cell wall-modifying proteins in plant-parasitic nematodes

Family	Activity	Presence in nematodes	Closest relative
GH28	Polygalacturonase (EC 3.2.1.15)	RKN*	Ralstonia: Ralstonia solanacearum†
PL3	Pectate lyase (EC 4.2.2.2)	RKN,* CN,* Aphelenchoidea*	Actinomycetales: Clavibacter michiganensis,†Frankia sp.,‡Actinosynnema mirum, Cellulomonas flavigena, Jonesia denitrificans, Streptomyces avermitilis, S. coelicolor,
GH43	Putative arabinanase (EC 3.2.1.99)	RKN, CN	Actinomycetales: Streptomyces coelicolor, Thermomonospora curvata, Kineococcus radiotolerans
GH5 (cel)	Cellulase (EC 3.2.1.4)	RKN,* CN,* Pratylenchidae, Anguinidae, Radopholinae, Aphelenchoidea	Coleoptera: Apriona germari, Psacothea hilaris, Bacteroidetes: Cytophaga hutchinsonii
GH5 (xyl)	Endo-1,4-β-xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8)	RKN* and Radopholinae*	Firmicutes: Clostridium acetobutylicum
EXPN	Loosening of plant cell wall (EC N/A)	RKN, CN,* Anguinidae, Aphelenchoidea, Dorylaimida (clade I)	Actinomycetales: Amycolatopsis mediterranei, Actinosynnema mirum, Streptomyces lavendulae

Spectrum of the presence in nematodes is indicated according to the taxonomy in SI Appendix, Fig. S1. Species possessing the genes most closely related to those of plant-parasitic nematodes are in the last column. CN, cyst nematode; RKN, root-knot nematode.

*For nematodes, species in which activity has been experimentally shown; details on functional characterization and corresponding bibliographic references are indicated in SI Appendix, Table S1.

^†Plant-pathogenic bacteria.

^‡Plant-symbiotic bacteria.