Table 2.

Mean Hopelessness Score by 5-HTTLPR Genotype

Model	l/l	l/s	s/s	p-value (trend)
All study participants (n = 870)	282 (32%)	416 (48%)	171 (20%)
Adjusted by race	2.5 ± 0.1	2.8 ± 0.1	3.1 ± 0.2	0.015
Adjusted by race, age, depressive symptoms and antidepressant use	2.5 ± 0.1	2.8 ± 0.1	3.1 ± 0.1	0.004
Males (n = 710)	2.5 ± 0.1	2.9 ± 0.1	3.3 ± 0.2	0.001
Females (n = 160)	2.4 ± 0.3	2.6 ± 0.2	2.2 ± 0.4	0.76
Non-depressed participants (n = 678)	227 (33%)	314 (46%)	137 (20%)
Adjusted by race	2.4 ± 0.2	2.6 ± 0.2	3.0 ± 0.2	0.03
Adjusted by race, age, depressive symptoms, and antidepressant use	2.3 ± 0.2	2.5 ± 0.2	2.9 ± 0.2	0.007
Males (n = 579)	2.3 ± 0.2	2.6 ± 0.2	3.0 ± 0.2	0.004
Females (n = 99)	2.1 ± 0.5	2.2 ± 0.4	2.7 ± 0.5	0.48