Table 2.
Studies Meeting Schneiderman’s Criteria(1)
| Author | Intervention/Population | x/n | P (%) | Lower 95% confidence limit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chang 198929 | ICU§/ adult ICU patients | 109/109** | 100 | 97 |
| Cone 200516 | CPR§/OOHCA§ | 285/285** | 100 | 99 |
| Ewer 200130 | CPR§/cancer patients | 171/171** | 100 | 98 |
| Falcone 199524 | CPR + flight evacuation/OOHCA | 314/314** | 100 | 99 |
| Marsden 199531 | CPR/OOHCA | 240/240** | 100 | 98 |
| O'Brien 200714 | CPR/OOHCA | 131/131** | 100 | 97 |
| Richman 200832 | CPR/OOHCA | 1159/1160* | 99 | 99 |
| Rosemurgy 199325 | CPR/traumatic OOHCA | 138/138** | 100 | 97 |
| Sasson 200833 | CPR/OOHCA | 2587/2592* | 99 | 99 |
| Sasson 200833 | CPR/OOHCA | 1192/1192** | 100 | 99 |
| Stockinger 200426 | CPR/traumatic OOHCA | 195/195** | 100 | 98 |
| Van-der Hoeven 199334 | CPR/OOHCA-adult | 165/165** | 100 | 98 |
| van Walraven 199935 | CPR/in hospital cardiac arrest | 119/119** | 100 | 97 |
| van Walraven 200136 | CPR/in-hospital cardiac arrest | 266/269* | 99 | 97 |
| Väyrynen 200837 | CPR/a-systolic OOHCA | 291/291** | 100 | 99 |
(1) Schneiderman's criteria: futility can be determined based on treatment failure in 100 consecutive cases in which it was attempted
x/n : number of adverse outcomes (x) in the patient group on which the conclusion is based (n), P(%): the percentage of adverse outcomes
*Data meeting threshold based on lower 95% confidence limit >96.4
**Data meeting threshold based on additional criterion of 100% adverse outcome
§ICU: intensive care unit, CPR: cardiopulmonary resuscitation, OOHCA: out of hospital cardiac arrest