Table 2.
Physical and laboratory measurements in the 2 groups at baseline and 6-month follow-up.
| Variable | Group A, Pioglitazone (n = 42) |
Group B, Other treatment (n = 39) |
Comparison of changes between the 2 groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Follow-up | P value | Baseline | Follow-up | P value | P value (RM ANOVA) | |
| Body weight, kg | 76.6 ± 12.5 | 78.8 ± 12.9 | 0.025 | 74.2 ± 10.8 | 74.2 ± 11.7 | 0.50 | 0.026 |
| Waist, cm | 104.7 ± 11.2 | 104.0 ± 12.0 | 0.12 | 105.6 ± 15.9 | 104.0 ± 10.2 | 0.63 | 0.19 |
| Heart rate, beats/min | 73 ± 11 | 72 ± 11 | 0.58 | 73 ± 8 | 71 ± 10 | 0.08 | 0.86 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 143 ± 15 | 141 ± 15 | 0.47 | 150 ± 17 | 146 ± 18 | 0.21 | 0.62 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 78 ± 6 | 75 ± 7 | 0.003 | 78 ± 8 | 79 ± 9 | 0.64 | 0.024 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dl | 214 ± 40 | 224 ± 45 | 0.000 | 212 ± 43 | 226 ± 44 | 0.019 | 0.45 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dl | 142 ± 60 | 134 ± 51 | 0.31 | 143 ± 94 | 160 ± 80 | 0.050 | 0.030 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dl | 53 ± 11 | 56 ± 12 | 0.002 | 56 ± 14 | 53 ± 12 | 0.017 | 0.014 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dl | 134 ± 33 | 141 ± 39 | 0.018 | 125 ± 44 | 141 ± 39 | 0.017 | 0.22 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dl | 154 ± 31 | 146 ± 31 | 0.017 | 153 ± 33 | 149 ± 29 | 0.23 | 0.37 |
| Fasting insulin, μU/ml | 9.9 ± 5.2 | 7.7 ± 3.3 | 0.000 | 9.3 ± 4.8 | 10.2 ± 5.3 | 0.42 | 0.006 |
| HbA1C, % | 8.0 ± 0.9 | 7.5 ± 1.0 | 0.000 | 7.9 ± 1.0 | 7.5 ± 1.3 | 0.002 | 0.28 |
| Glucose-to-insulin ratio | 19.0 ± 10.3 | 23.5 ± 13.6 | 0.000 | 21.4 ± 15.1 | 22.1 ± 21.1 | 0.51 | 0.08 |
| HOMA | 3.9 ± 2.6 | 2.7 ± 1.2 | 0.000 | 3.5 ± 1.8 | 3.6 ± 1.8 | 0.38 | 0.001 |
Mean ± SD. * p < 0.05 compared to group A
BP, blood pressure; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; HbA1C, glycaeted hemoglobin; HOMA, homeostasis model assessment; RM ANOVA, repeated measures analysis of variance.