Table 3.
Echocardiographic measurements in the 2 groups at baseline and 6-month follow-up.
| Variable | Group A, Pioglitazone (n = 42) |
Group B, Other treatment (n = 39) |
Comparison of changes between the 2 groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Follow-up | P value | Baseline | Follow-up | P value | P value (RM ANOVA) | |
| CONVENTIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY | |||||||
| Left atrial diameter, mm | 39.5 ± 6.1 | 39.4 ± 5.5 | 0.84 | 37.9 ± 5.2 | 39.1 ± 5.3 | 0.15 | 0.22 |
| IVSd, mm | 11.4 ± 2.1 | 11.0 ± 2.0 | 0.23 | 11.8 ± 1.8 | 11.7 ± 2.2 | 0.79 | 0.58 |
| PWd, mm | 10.7 ± 1.8 | 10.3 ± 1.8 | 0.23 | 11.1 ± 1.6 | 10.7 ± 1.5 | 0.14 | 0.99 |
| LVDd, mm | 50.0 ± 5.4 | 49.6 ± 5.6 | 0.52 | 48.6 ± 4.4 | 47.3 ± 5.7 | 0.20 | 0.44 |
| LVDs, mm | 29.4 ± 5.8 | 30.2 ± 4.3 | 0.31 | 28.7 ± 4.1 | 28.8 ± 5.6 | 0.97 | 0.49 |
| LV mass index, g/m2 | 113.8 ± 27.9 | 107.8 ± 33.3 | 0.21 | 118.1 ± 28.9 | 110.2 ± 28.2 | 0.17 | 0.78 |
| Fractional shortening, (%) | 41.4 ± 6.2 | 40.2 ± 6.1 | 0.17 | 41.0 ± 6.5 | 39.2 ± 8.1 | 0.14 | 0.69 |
| Ejection Fraction, (%) | 71.4 ± 7.1 | 69.7 ± 7.2 | 0.10 | 71.0 ± 7.7 | 68.9 ± 9.6 | 0.13 | 0.77 |
| E, cm/s | 66.1 ± 15.9 | 66.2 ± 15.5 | 0.94 | 62.6 ± 15.4 | 6.3 ± 14.0 | 0.26 | 0.42 |
| A, cm/s | 79.6 ± 19.7 | 81.3 ± 23.7 | 0.42 | 80.2 ± 19.6 | 82.8 ± 14.6 | 0.23 | 0.76 |
| E/A ratio | 0.87 ± 0.27 | 0.86 ± 0.23 | 0.72 | 0.80 ± 0.20 | 0.80 ± 0.15 | 0.88 | 0.87 |
| Deceleration Time, ms | 193 ± 43 | 194 ± 49 | 0.88 | 215 ± 54 * | 230 ± 41 | 0.10 | 0.16 |
| Tei index | 0.35 ± 0.15 | 0.35 ± 0.22 | 0.91 | 0.38 ± 0.18 | 0.35 ± 0.15 | 0.37 | 0.52 |
| TISSUE DOPPLER IMAGING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY | |||||||
| Septal S', cm/s | 7.9 ± 0.9 | 8.1 ± 1.1 | 0.27 | 7.8 ± 1.2 | 7.6 ± 1.3 | 0.59 | 0.26 |
| Septal E', cm/s | 6.8 ± 1.8 | 7.0 ± 1.7 | 0.46 | 6.7 ± 1.4 | 7.3 ± 2.1 | 0.18 | 0.43 |
| Septal A', cm/s | 10.5 ± 1.6 | 10.8 ± 1.6 | 0.29 | 10.6 ± 2.0 | 10.3 ± 1.9 | 0.34 | 0.15 |
| Septal E'/A' ratio | 0.67 ± 0.22 | 0.66 ± 0.20 | 0.87 | 0.65 ± 0.18 | 0.71 ± 0.17 | 0.14 | 0.23 |
| Lateral S', cm/s | 7.7 ± 1.5 | 8.1 ± 1.5 | 0.16 | 8.0 ± 1.7 | 8.0 ± 1.6 | 0.99 | 0.34 |
| Lateral E', cm/s | 8.1 ± 2.5 | 8.4 ± 2.5 | 0.39 | 8.3 ± 2.0 | 8.6 ± 3.1 | 0.45 | 0.94 |
| Lateral A', cm/s | 11.4 ± 2.4 | 11.5 ± 2.5 | 0.84 | 11.1 ± 2.2 | 10.7 ± 2.9 | 0.31 | 0.40 |
| Lateral E'/A' ratio | 0.75 ± 0.29 | 0.78 ± 0.38 | 0.53 | 0.79 ± 0.27 | 0.84 ± 0.31 | 0.39 | 0.96 |
| Tricuspid S', cm/s | 14.5 ± 2.6 | 15.4 ± 3.7 | 0.09 | 14.1 ± 4.0 | 14.4 ± 3.3 | 0.60 | 0.49 |
| Tricuspid E', cm/s | 12.2 ± 2.9 | 12.0 ± 3.3 | 0.63 | 11.3 ± 3.8 | 11.9 ± 3.0 | 0.34 | 0.29 |
| Tricuspid A', cm/s | 18.3 ± 3.7 | 18.1 ± 3.9 | 0.82 | 17.8 ± 4.5 | 18.3 ± 4.5 | 0.42 | 0.48 |
| Tricuspid E'/A' ratio | 0.69 ± 0.20 | 0.68 ± 0.24 | 0.89 | 0.65 ± 0.18 | 0.68 ± 0.17 | 0.36 | 0.59 |
| E' (average), cm/s | 7.36 ± 1.85 | 7.66 ± 1.87 | 0.30 | 7.55 ± 1.44 | 7.96 ± 2.31 | 0.28 | 0.82 |
| E/E' | 9.14 ± 2.39 | 9.08 ± 2.71 | 0.80 | 8.82 ± 2.61 | 8.68 ± 2.63 | 0.73 | 0.87 |
Mean ± SD. * p = 0.04 compared to group A.
IVSd/PWd, interventricular/posterior wall end-diastolic thickness; LVDd/LVDs, left ventricular end-diastolic/end-systolic internal diameter; E, early mitral filling velocity; A, atrial filling velocity; S', E' and A', systolic, early and late diastolic velocity respectively of the mitral annulus; RM ANOVA, repeated measures analysis of variance.