Table 3.

Change in serum hormones and growth factors (median, mean, and std dev).

Variable or Biomarker	N	Pre-Study	Post-Study	Difference	P-value (Wilcoxon)
Collected at time of RPFNA (day 1–10 of menstrual cycle)
Estradiol, pg/mL	22	97.5 154 ± 117	102 144 ± 90	1.29 −10.8 ± 53.4	0.55
Estradiol, nmol/L	22	0.36 0.57 ± 0.43	0.38 0.53 ± 0.33	0.00 −0.04 ± 0.20
Bioavailable (Free) Estradiol, pmol/L	22	4.6 6.3 ± 4.4	4.9 6.4 ± 4.1	0.32 0.12 ± 1.84	0.90
SHBG (with E2), nmol/L	22	80.2 81.2 ± 28.6	67.9 72.9 ± 26.3	−11.7 −8.3 ± 30.1	0.031
Collected at day 20–24 of menstrual cycle
IGF-I, ng/mL	44	194 201 ± 78	180 196 ± 67	0.28 −5.1 ± 47.8	0.48
IGF-I, nmol/L	44	25.3 26.2 ± 10.1	23.4 25.5 ± 8.7	0.04 −0.66 ± 6.21
IGFBP-3, ng/mL	44	5854 5978±1009	5672 5729±1022	−220 −249 ± 790	0.029
IGFBP-3, nmol/L	44	205 209 ± 35	199 201 ± 36	−7.7 −8.7 ± 27.6
IGF-I:IGFBP-3 Molar Ratio	44	0.12 0.12 ± 0.04	0.12 0.13 ± 0.03	0.001 0.003±0.029	0.65
Progesterone, ng/mL	44	6.1 8.0 ± 8.2	6.4 8.8 ± 9.8	0.4 0.8 ± 8.5	0.58
Progesterone, nmol/L	44	19.3 25.5 ± 26.2	20.3 28.0 ± 31.2	1.3 2.5 ± 27.2
Testosterone, ng/mL	44	1.1 1.6 ± 2.4	1.1 1.6 ± 2.0	0.07 0.00 ± 1.32	0.11
Testosterone, nmol/L	44	3.7 5.7 ± 8.3	3.8 5.7 ± 7.0	0.25 0.00 ± 4.57
Bioavailable (Free) Testosterone, pmol/L	44	39.3 59.8 ± 63.3	43.3 73.9 ± 101.3	3.9 17.2 ± 74.8	0.061
SHBG, nmol/L	44	76.9 70.1 ± 25.5	70.9 72.2 ± 30.6	0.82 2.03 ± 23.5	0.99
Secoisolariciresinol, nmol/L	42	0.0 0.62 ± 1.15	5.7 33.7 ± 66.5	5.5 32.8 ± 66.5	< 0.001
Enterodiol, nmol/L	42	0.0 0.69 ± 1.29	23.3 84.3 ± 133.0	23.3 83.7 ± 133.0	< 0.001
Enterolactone, nmol/L	42	11.1 15.8 ± 17.4	99.2 132.7 ± 120.3	74.8 117.0 ± 117.7	< 0.001
Total Lignans. nmol/L	42	11.1 16.8 ± 17.9	183.3 248.8 ± 216.7	165.9 233.5 ± 213.9	< 0.001