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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pain. 2010 Nov;151(2):430–439. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2010.08.007

Figure 2. Results following a short-lasting module of learning (Group 1).

Figure 2

The histograms show the conditioning and testing phase for the non-painful (A) and painful stimuli (C) following a short-lasting training. Note that in the testing phase only nocebo responses were found for the non-painful stimuli and both placebo and nocebo responses for the painful intensity. The graphics on the right present the time-course of VAS reports respectively for non-painful (C) and painful (D) trials. We can observe that a short-training of learning induced nocebo responses which were inconstant over the entire experimental session and placebo responses which extinguished very early. The asterisks show the level of significance related to the comparison between red- vs. yellow- stimuli and green- vs. yellow stimuli (*** p<0.001; **p<0.01; * p<0.05).