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Stress activates both limbic and nonlimbic pathways, which can converge on the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus for endocrine and autonomic responses. Stress-mediated activation limbic BNST either directly, or indirectly via the PVN, contribute to anxiety behavior. Chronic stress insults can result in long term neuroplasticity changes leading to anxiety and somatic disorders
