Table 3.
Summary of Pain Measured by VAS (AUC-VAS; with movement and at rest)
| AUC | Placebo + Morphine (n = 86) | 800 mg + Morphine (n = 99) |
|---|---|---|
| With movement | ||
| 6–28 hours (post-operative period) | ||
| Mean (SD) | 1,307.8 (388.7) | 970.1 (422.2) |
| LS Means (SE) | 1,326.1 (82.0) | 1,005.0 (81.5) |
| Median | 1,304.6 | 946.2 |
| LS means difference (95% CI) | −321.1 (−436.7, −205.4) | |
| P value vs Placebo* | <0.001 | |
| At rest | ||
| 6–28 hours (post-operative period) | ||
| Mean (SD) | 910.9 (424.3) | 620.8 (401.0) |
| LS means (SE) | 997.0 (83.6) | 728.0 (83.0) |
| Median | 905.1 | 566.0 |
| LS means difference (95% CI) | −269.0 (−386.8, −151.2) | |
| P value vs Placebo* | <0.001 |
*
The analysis is based on a linear ANCOVA model with fixed effects for age group, weight group, randomization center, and treatment group. The P values and 95% confidence intervals are based on the difference in the LS Means from the final ANCOVA model. LS = least squares; VAS = visual analog scale; ANCOVA = analysis of covariance; AUC = area under the curve.