Table 5.

Summary of reduction in morphine consumption (mg morphine sulfate)

Morphine requirement	Placebo (N = 86)	800 mg (N = 99)
6–28 hours (post-operative period)
N	85	97
Mean (SD)	59.5 (29.9)	41.1 (27.3)
LS means (SE)	60.9 (5.7)	44.3 (5.7)
Median	58.0	38.0
LS means difference (95% CI)		−16.6 (−24.7, −8.4)
P value vs Placebo*		<0.001

^*The analysis is based on linear ANCOVA model with fixed effects for age group, weight group, randomization center, and treatment group. The p-values and 95% confidence intervals are based on the difference in the LS Means from the final ANCOVA model.

LS = least squares; ANCOVA = analysis of covariance.