Table 2.
Regression coefficients (95% CI) for the effect of increasing tertiles of parental care and of parental control on psychological well-being (total difficulties score – TDS) within each ethnic group, adjusted for age, sex, family type and socio-economic status
| White UK | Black Caribbean | Nigerian/Ghanaian | Other African | Indian | Pakistani/Bangladeshi | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Care | ||||||
| Tertile 1 (reference): sex- and age-adjusted mean TDS (95% CI) | 13.64 (12.79, 14.48) | 12.81 (12.02, 13.60) | 12.29 (11.43, 13.15) | 12.77 (11.97, 13.58) | 11.26 (10.22, 12.30)* | 13.09 (11.85, 14.32) |
| Model 1 | ||||||
| Tertile 2 | −1.66 (−2.60, −0.73)† | −1.51 (−2.54, −0.48)† | −2.18 (−3.34, −1.02)† | −2.13 (−3.50, −0.76)† | −0.53 (−2.08, 1.09) | −1.78 (−3.08, −0.48)† |
| Tertile 3 | −2.97 (−3.78, −2.17)† | −2.08 (−2.93, −1.24)† | −2.74 (−3.74, −1.74)† | −3.03 (−4.12, −1.94)† | −2.49 (−3.80, −1.19)† | −3.05 (−4.16, −1.94)† |
| Model 2 | ||||||
| Tertile 2 | −1.68 (−2.61, −0.75)† | −1.47 (−2.51, −0.43)† | −2.18 (−3.33, −1.02)† | −2.19 (−3.57, −0.82)† | −0.77 (−2.33, 0.80) | −1.91 (−3.19, −0.63)† |
| Tertile 3 | −2.92 (−3.72, −2.12)† | −2.08 (−2.94, −1.22)† | −2.60 (−3.58, −1.62)† | −3.12 (−4.24, −2.01)† | −2.77 (−4.09, −1.45)† | −3.15 (−4.27, −2.03)† |
| Control | ||||||
| Tertile 1 (reference): sex- and age-adjusted mean TDS (95% CI) | 10.64 (10.15, 11.13) | 10.07 (9.52, 10.61) | 8.67 (8.07, 9.28)* | 9.02 (8.28, 9.75)* | 8.65 (7.96, 9.34)* | 9.92 (9.25, 10.58) |
| Model 1 | ||||||
| Tertile 2 | 1.47 (0.82, 2.12)‡ | 1.43 (0.66, 2.19)‡ | 1.23 (0.29, 2.18)‡ | 1.93 (0.86, 3.00)‡ | 1.44 (0.35, 2.53)‡ | 0.22 (−0.73, 1.16) |
| Tertile 3 | 4.29 (3.39, 5.19)‡ | 3.75 (2.87, 4.63)‡ | 4.15 (3.16, 5.13)‡ | 3.35 (2.21, 4.48)‡ | 2.87 (1.71, 4.03)‡ | 2.31 (1.29, 3.33)‡ |
| Model 2 | ||||||
| Tertile 2 | 1.45 (0.80, 2.10)‡ | 1.41 (0.64, 2.18)‡ | 1.38 (0.46, 2.31)‡ | 1.98 (0.91, 3.05)‡ | 1.44 (0.34, 2.54)‡ | 0.25 (−0.69, 1.20) |
| Tertile 3 | 4.14 (3.24, 5.04)‡ | 3.71 (2.82, 4.60)‡ | 4.15 (3.19, 5.11)‡ | 3.36 (2.21, 4.51)‡ | 2.93 (1.77, 4.09)‡ | 2.35 (1.34, 3.37)‡ |
Adjusted for: Model 1 = age and sex, Model 2 = age, sex, socio-economic status and family type.
*
Significantly lower than White UK mean.
†
Significantly lower than reference mean within the same ethnic group.
‡
Significantly higher than reference mean within the same ethnic group (P < 0.05).