Table 2.
Sex-based differential gene expression.
| Differential Gene Expression by MI | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Gene |
Female MI/Female Sh Male MI/Male Sh |
Gene Ontology | |
| Angiogenesis | |||
| Ddah1 | Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 | 2.00 | arginine metabolism, NO synthesis, angiogenesis |
| Sphk1 | Sphingosine kinase 1 | 1.67 | activation of PKC, blood vessel development, brain development |
| Mmp14 | Matrix metallopeptidase 14 (membrane-inserted) | 1.67 | branching morphogenesis, cell migration, collagen catabolism |
| Plk1 | Polo-like kinase 1 (Drosophila) | 1.66 | cell cycle, cell division, mitosis |
| Angptl4 | Angiopoietin-like 4 | 1.59 | angiogenesis |
| Col8a1 | Collagen, type VIII, alpha 1 | 1.54 | angiogenesis, eye morphogenesis, cell adhesion, epithelial cell proliferation |
| Col18a1 | Collagen, type XVIII, alpha 1 | 1.52 | angiogenesis, cell adhesion |
| Srpx2 | Sushi repeat-containing protein, X-linked 2 | 1.52 | cell motility, cell-cell adhesion, cell migration and sprouting angiogenesis |
| Extracellular Matrix | |||
| Gpnmb | Glycoprotein (transmembrane) nmb | 1.75 | cell adhesion |
| Lgals3 | Lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 3 | 1.66 | cell differentiation, extracellular matrix organization, skeletal system development |
| Mmp12 | Matrix metallopeptidase 12 (macrophage elastase) | 1.63 | proteolysis, extracellular matrix |
| Loxl1 | Lysyl oxidase-like 1 | 1.58 | extracellular matrix, oxidation reduction |
| Loxl2 | Lysyl oxidase-like 2 | 1.55 | oxidation reduction, cell adhesion |
| Immune Response | |||
| Ccl4 | Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 | 1.98 | chemotaxis, immune response, inflammatory response |
| Itgb1bp3 | Integrin beta 1 binding protein 3 | 1.75 | integrin (associated) negative regulation of myoblast differentiation |
| Cxcl10 | Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 | 1.75 | chemotaxis, immune response, inflammatory response |
| Clec4n | C-type lectin domain family 4, member n | 1.62 | innate immune response |
| Rbp1 | Retinol binding protein 1, cellular | 1.53 | regulation of granulocyte differentiation |
| Nucleosome Assembly | |||
| Hist1h2af | Histone cluster 1, H2af | 1.71 | nucleosome assembly |
| Hist2h2ac | Histone cluster 1, H2ac | 1.70 | nucleosome assembly |
| Hist1h2ad | Histone cluster 1, H2ad | 1.65 | nucleosome assembly |
| Hist1h2ai | Histone cluster 1, H2ai | 1.63 | nucleosome assembly |
| Hist1h2ao | Histone cluster 1, H2ao | 1.61 | nucleosome assembly |
| Hist1h2ag | Histone cluster 1, H2ag | 1.59 | nucleosome assembly |
| Hist1h2an | Histone cluster 1, H2an | 1.54 | nucleosome assembly |
| Hist1h2ah | Histone cluster 1, H2ah | 1.52 | nucleosome assembly |
| Apoptosis | |||
| Cstb | Cystatin B (stefin B) | 1.57 | negative regulation of peptidase activity, regulation of apoptosis |
| Serpina3g | Serine peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 3G | 1.51 | apoptosis, response to cytokine |
| Gadd45g | Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, gamma | 1.50 | activation of MAPKK, apoptosis, cell differentiation, regulation of cell cycle |
| Other | |||
| Meox1 | Mesenchyme homeobox 1 | 1.83 | regulation of transcription |
| LOC380980 | 1.78 | ||
| Kcnv2 | Potassium channel, subfamily V, member 2 | 1.75 | voltage-gated potassium channel |
| Fkbp11 | FK506 binding protein 11 | 1.69 | protein folding |
| Ankrd1 | Ankyrin repeat domain 1 (cardiac muscle) | 1.67 | regulation of transcription |
| 2310057H16Rik | 1.66 | ||
| 2310050B05Rik | 1.64 | ||
| Hmgcs2 | 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A synthase 2 | 1.63 | cholesterol and isoprenoid biosynthesis |
| Ms4a7 | Membrane-spanning 4-domains subfamily A | 1.62 | membrane protein |
| Fcrl3 | Fc receptor-like protein 3 | 1.62 | membrane protein |
| Crlf1 | Cytokine receptor-like factor 1 | 1.59 | ureteric bud development, cytokine binding |
| Slc15a3 | Solute carrier family 15, member 3 | 1.58 | peptide transport, membrane protein |
| Synpo | Synaptopodin | 1.58 | actin cytoskeleton assembly |
| Ppic | Peptidylprolyl isomerase C (cyclophilin C) | 1.57 | protein folding |
| LOC385699 | 1.56 | ||
| Sprr1a | Small proline-rich protein 1A | 1.53 | keratinocyte differentiation |
| Ces3 | Carboxylesterase 3 | 1.53 | carboxylesterase and hydrolase activity |
| Tyrobp | TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein | 1.50 | cellular defense response, signal transduction |
| Mest | Mesoderm specific transcript homolog (mouse) | 1.50 | mesoderm development, regulation of lipid storage |
| Cdkn3 | Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 3 | 1.50 | cell cycle arrest |
|
Differential Gene Expression by Sex | |||
| Gene |
Female MI Male MI |
Gene Ontology | |
| Extracellular Matrix | |||
| Mfap2 | Microfibrillar-associated protein 2 | 1.72 | microfibril, proteinaceous extracellular matrix |
| Immune Response | |||
| Cxcl14 | Chemokine (C-X-C) ligand 14 | 1.89 | chemotaxis immune response |
| Other | |||
| Eif2s3y | Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2, subunit 3 | 17.52 | translation, GTP binding, GTPase activity |
| Ddx3y | DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 3 | 5.64 | helicase activity |
| Xist | Inactive X specific transcripts | 3.41 | x-chromosome - unknown function |
| Jarid1d | Kdm5d lysine (K)-specific demethylase 5D | 2.97 | chromatin modification, oxidation reduction |
| Ptn | Pleiotrophin | 1.95 | bone mineralization, positive regulation of cell division |
| Hsd11b1 | Hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 1 | 1.93 | gluccocorticoid biosynthesis, lung development |
| 2610029G23Rik | 1.83 | ||
| Inmt | Indolethylamine N-methyltransferase | 1.83 | methyltransferase |
| Scn4b | Sodium channel subunit beta-4 | 1.78 | sodium ion transport |
| 4833426J09Rik | 1.72 | ||
| Kcne1 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E | 1.72 | potassium channel, muscle contraction |
| Lbh | Limb bud and heart | 1.72 | regulation of transcription |
Sex-specific differences in gene expression were assessed on the group of genes identified as significantly changed by surgery by calculating the fold difference in gene induction between males and females following surgery [female MI/female sham]/[male MI/male sham]. Forty-nine genes were changed 1.5 fold or more in the female than the male following MI, whereas no genes were changed 1.5 fold or more in the male than the female following MI (Genes down-regulated are italicized). The 49 genes that were identified are listed on top while the 14 genes changed by sex are listed on the bottom. Gene ontology was determine (geneontology.org) and classified by angiogenesis, extracellular matrix, immune response, nucleosome assembly (histone clusters), apoptosis, or other