Table 2.
Listed are (1) the first demonstration a given cell type has been reprogrammed, (2) alternative factor cocktails, and (3) the smallest combination of factors reported. Minimum criteria of listed references are teratoma formation (primates) and contribution to chimeras (nonprimates). iPSCs generated with chemicals are not included. (MS) mesoderm; (EN) endoderm; (EC) ectoderm; (EX) extraembryonic; (C) C/EBPα; (E) Esrrb; (K) Klf4; (L) Lin28; (M) c-Myc; (Nr) Nr5a2; (O) Oct4; (S) Sox2; (ND) not determined.
aContinued expression of lentiviral transgenes might have allowed expansion without inhibitors.
bContinued culture requires chemical inhibition of GSK3 and MEK.
cContinued culture requires chemical inhibition of GSK3, MEK, and TGFβ signaling.