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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Nov 1.

Published in final edited form as: Virus Res. 2010 Aug 26;153(2):269–276. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2010.08.018

(A) Schematic representation of folate metabolism and the structure of PYR. Site of action of some antifolate enzymes and their inhibitors are shown. (B) Methotrexate enhances HIV-1 replication in MT-2 cells. HIV-1-infected PBMC or MT-2 cells were cultured in the absence or presence of various concentrations of methotrexate, MTX (0–1000 nM, left panel) or sulfadoxine (0-100 μM, right panel). HIV replication was monitored by p24 antigen capture ELISA on day 7 post-infection. (C) MTX induces S-phase accumulation in MT-2. MT-2 cells were cultured for 48 h in the absence or presence of MTX (100 nM, upper panel) or sulfadoxine (100 μM, lower panel). Cell cycle analysis was studied by propidium iodide staining and evaluated by flow cytometry. The left peaks constitute cells in G₀/G₁, the right peaks constitute cells in G₂/M, and cells in S phase are between the G₀/G₁ and G₂/M peaks. Numbers in parentheses represent the percentage of cells in that phase. Left panels represent untreated control.

(A) Schematic representation of folate metabolism and the structure of PYR. Site of action of some antifolate enzymes and their inhibitors are shown. (B) Methotrexate enhances HIV-1 replication in MT-2 cells. HIV-1-infected PBMC or MT-2 cells were cultured in the absence or presence of various concentrations of methotrexate, MTX (0–1000 nM, left panel) or sulfadoxine (0-100 μM, right panel). HIV replication was monitored by p24 antigen capture ELISA on day 7 post-infection. (C) MTX induces S-phase accumulation in MT-2. MT-2 cells were cultured for 48 h in the absence or presence of MTX (100 nM, upper panel) or sulfadoxine (100 μM, lower panel). Cell cycle analysis was studied by propidium iodide staining and evaluated by flow cytometry. The left peaks constitute cells in G₀/G₁, the right peaks constitute cells in G₂/M, and cells in S phase are between the G₀/G₁ and G₂/M peaks. Numbers in parentheses represent the percentage of cells in that phase. Left panels represent untreated control.