Table 3.

A list of miRNAs involved in chemoresistance

miRNA	Characteristics	Target genes	Cell or tissue	References
miR-1	Expression sensitize lung cancer cells to doxorubicin	Pim1, FoxP1, HDAC4, MET	Lung cancer cells	(Nasser et al., 2008)
miR-15/16	Sensitized cancer cells to anti-cancer drugs	Bcl-2	Gastric cancer cells	(Xia et al., 2008)
miR-21	mediated chemoresistance, inhibited PDCD4,	PDCD4, LRRFIP1, PTEN, TPM1, TIMP3	Breast cells, glioblastoma cells, pancreatic cancer cells	(Ali et al., 2010; Bourguignon et al., 2009; Li et al., 2009a)
miR-27	Upregulated in multidrug-resistant cancer cells	MDR	Ovarian cancer cells, cervix cancer cells	(Zhu et al., 2008)
miR-34	Mediated suppression of self-renewal, down-regulated in drug resistant cells; over-expression resulted in attenuated chemoresistant to camptothecin	Notch, Bcl2, HMGA2, SIRT1	Prostate, gastric, breast, pancreatic cancer.	(Chen et al., 2010; Fujita et al., 2008; Ji et al., 2009b)
miR-98	Up-regulated in docetaxel-resistant cells	Not detected	NSCLC cells	(Rui et al., 2010)
miR-125b	Rendered cells resistant to androgen withdrawal	CDK6, CDC25A	Prostate cancer	(Vere White et al., 2009)
miR-128b	Down-regulated in resistant cells. Over-expression increased cell sensitivity.	MLL, AF4, MLL-AF4, AF4-MLL	Acute lymphocytic leukemia cells	(Kotani et al., 2009)
miR-140	Upregulated and associated with chemosensitivity to 5-FU and methotrexate	P53, p21	Osteosarcoma, colon cancer cells	(Song et al., 2009)
miR-181	Enhanced cisplatin-induced apoptosis; Enhanced resistance of HCC cells to the anticancer drug doxorubicin	TIMP-3, MMP-2, MMP-9	NSCLC cells Hepatocellular carcinomas	(Galluzzi et al., 2010; Wang et al., 2010a)
miR-192	Up-regulated in docetaxel-resistant cells	Not detected	NSCLC cells	(Rui et al., 2010)
miR-200	Down-regulation in drug-resistant cells, regulated EMT, increased cell sensitivity to anti-cancer drug	ZEB1, ZEB2, TUBB3, ERRFI,	Breast, prostate, lung, bladder, ovarian, pancreatic cancer cells	(Adam et al., 2009; Cochrane et al., 2009; Li et al., 2009b; Rui et al., 2010)
miR-205	Increased sensitivity to gefitinib and lapatinib	HER3	Breast cancer cells	(Iorio et al., 2009; Iorio and Croce, 2009)
miR-214	Induced cisplatin resistance by targeting PTEN	PTEN	Ovarian cancer cells	(Yang et al., 2008)
miR-215	Elevated in cells that exhibit slow proliferating rate and chemoresistance. Over-expression decreased sensitivity to methotrexate and tomudex.	P21, p53	colon and osteosarcoma cells	(Song et al., 2010)
miR-221/222	Re-expression sensitized cancer cells to glucocorticoids and TRAIL; Up-regulated in 4-hydroxytamoxifen resistant cells. Knock-down sensitized to tamoxifen,	CDKN1B, ERα, P27,	Acute lymphocytic leukemia cells, breast cancer cells, NSCLC cells	(Garofalo et al., 2009; Kotani et al., 2009; Miller et al., 2008; Zhao et al., 2008)
miR-342	Down-regulated in the 4-hydroxytamoxifen resistant cells	Not detected	Breast cancer cells	(Miller et al., 2008)
miR-424	Up-regulated in docetaxel-resistant cells	Not detected	NSCLC cells	(Rui et al., 2010)
miR-451	Increased sensitivity to Doxorubicin	MDR1	Breast cancer cells, ovarian, cervix cancer cells	(Kovalchuk et al., 2008; Zhu et al., 2008)
miR-489	Down-regulated in the 4-hydroxytamoxifen resistant cells	Not detected	Breast cancer cells	(Miller et al., 2008)
miR-630	Decreased cisplatin-induced apoptosis	P27, p53	NSCLC cells	(Galluzzi et al., 2010)