Fig. 3.

Changes of diameter of the inferior vena cava (IVC) at end-inspiration, as measured by echocardiography using a subcostal approach. A: representative images of sham control and Nx rats. B: average IVC diameter data. Note that end-inspiration IVC diameter is significantly higher in Nx rats compared with the sham control. Treatment with curcumin or enalapril significantly attenuated the increase in end-inspiration IVC diameter, reflective of lower right atrial pressure. NS, not significant.