Table 1.
Changes on sputum smear AFB and radiograph after 2 and 6 months
| Variables | Groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zinc | Vitamin A | Vitamin A + Zinc | Placebo | |
| Age (year), mean ± SD | 30.9 ± 11.8 | 33.1 ± 11.5 | 30.1 ± 12 | 31.4 ± 10.4 |
| Gender (n,%): | ||||
| Male | 51 (67.1) | 46 (63.9) | 42 (63.6) | 50 (58.1) |
| Female | 25 (32.9) | 26 (36.1) | 24 (36.4) | 36 (41.9) |
| Sputum smear grade (n,%): | ||||
| + 1 | 18 (23.7) | 22 (30.6) | 25 (37.9) | 24 (27.9) |
| + 2 | 24 (31.6) | 19 (26.4) | 18 (27.3) | 30 (34.9) |
| + 3 | 34 (44.7) | 31 (43) | 23 (34.8) | 32 (37.2) |
| Sputum conversion time (wk),mean ±SD | 3.02 ± 2.2 | 2.1 ± 1.6 | 1.94 ± 1.4 | 2.5 ± 1.7 |
| Duration to achieve WHO target(wk),mean † | 6.6 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 |
| Number of cavity (n,%) | ||||
| 0 month* | 18 (25.7) | 35 (51.5) | 25 (38.5) | 36 (41.9) |
| 2 month* | 5 (7.5) | 17 (27) | 8 (14.8) | 13 (17.1) |
| 6 month | 5 (8.1) | 3 (5.3) | 2 (3.6) | 3 (4.2) |
| Cavity surface area (cm2), median (IQR) | ||||
| 0 month | 10.2 (4.9-17.4) | 12.0 (6.2-22.1) | 12.9 (4.8-15.9) | 10.2 (4.9-21.6) |
| 2 month | 6.2 (2.5-21)‡ | 5.5 (2.5-13.7)‡ | 5.9 (2-16.2)‡ | 4 (3.1-10)‡ |
| 6 month | 0 (0 - 0)‡ | 0 (0 - 0)‡ | 0 (0- 0)‡ | 0 (0 - 0)‡ |
| Total lesion area (cm2), median (IQR) | ||||
| 0 month | 120 (71-179.8) | 139 (44-216) | 143 (73-198) | 129 (62-209) |
| 2 month | 40.5 (12-100)‡ | 35 (0-80)‡ | 37 (9-94.5)‡ | 32.5 (4.5-77.5)‡ |
| 6 month | 0 (0-42.4)‡ | 0 (0-25.8)‡ | 0 (0-21)‡ | 0 (0-25.8)‡ |
SD = standard deviation, IQR = interquartile range; *significant difference of proportion between groups (chi-squared, p < 0.05); significant changes from baseline p < 0.001‡; number of good quality sputum analyzed for zinc, vitamin A, zn + vitamin A and placebo groups were: 62, 57, 50, and 68 respectively (total 237). †WHO target: 85% subjects in a group converted into SS negative.