To identify specific cholinergic receptors involved in the trigeminally evoked EPSCs in CVNs, nicotine (100 μm), a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, was applied in the perfusate. Application of nicotine exhibited no significant effect on trigeminal afferent evoked glutamatergic neurotransmission, represented by a ▴, as shown in top traces (A), a typical experiment, along with summary data from 8 experiments (B and C).