Table 3.
Study: | Method: | Design: | Insula Involvement: |
---|---|---|---|
Peyron et al. (2000) | Meta-analysis of imaging studies |
Articles about pain processing published on or before 1999 |
Involvement of insula in 90% of studies |
Apkarian et al. (2005) | Meta-analysis of imaging studies |
Articales about pain processing published on or before 2004 |
Involvement of insula in 94% of studies |
Farrell et al. (2005) | Meta-analysis using activation likelihood estimations (ALE) |
Noxious heat applied to either upper limb |
Increses in posterior insula contralateral to site of stimulation along with anterior insula response bilaterally |
Berthier (1988) | Lesion study, qualitative |
Asymbolia for pain | Associated with Involvement of insula, particular posterior subdivision |