Table 2.

Change in log₁₀ HIV-1 RNA level over two time periods^a

Cervical Secretions	Unadjusted	P value	Multivariate 1 (no PVL)	P value	Multivariate 2 (with PVL)	P value
Month 0 – Month 3	Beta (95% CI)		Beta (95% CI)		Beta (95% CI)
Log10 reduction in plasma viral load	−0.368 (−0.476 to −0.261)	<0.001			−0.247 (−0.364 to −0.131)	<0.001
Mean percent adherence	−0.037 (−0.049 to −0.024)	<0.001	−0.037 (−0.049 to −0.024)	<0.001	−0.024 (−0.036 to −0.011)	<0.001
Baseline CD4 <100 cells/μL	0.239 (−0.010 to 0.488)	0.059	0.270 (0.053 to 0.488)	0.015	0.221 (0.020 to 0.421)	0.032
Exposure to hormonal contraception
Exposure to DMPA	0.253 (−0.035 to 0.540)	0.084	0.276 (0.033 to 0.519)	0.026	0.165 (−0.063 to 0.394)	0.154
Exposure to oral contraceptive pills	−0.199 (−0.662 to 0.265)	0.397	−0.053 (−0.446 to 0.339)	0.789	−0.062 (−0.423 to 0.298)	0.732
Exposure to Norplant	−0.101 (−0.648 to 0.446)	0.715	0.146 (−0.324 to 0.615)	0.539	0.018 (−0.417 to 0.453)	0.935
Cervical Secretions
Month 0 – Month 6b
Log10 reduction in plasma viral load	−0.337 (−0.432 to 0.242)	<0.001			−0.210 (−0.316 to −0.103)	<0.001
Mean percent adherence	−0.035 (−0.044 to −0.026)	<0.001	−0.031 (−0.041 to −0.022)	<0.001	−0.025 (−0.034 to −0.015)	<0.001
Resistance in plasma at month 6	0.857 (0.365 to 1.350)	0.001	0.376 (−0.073 to 0.824)	0.099	0.010 (−0.445 to 0.466)	0.964
Baseline CD4 <100 cells/μL	0.155 (−0.086 to 0.396)	0.204
Exposure to hormonal contraception
Exposure to DMPA	0.140 (−0.136 to 0.416)	0.316
Exposure to oral contraceptive pills	−0.221 (−0.666 to 0.224)	0.327
Exposure to Norplant	−0.151 (−0.676 to 0.374)	0.569
Vaginal Secretions	Unadjusted		Multivariate 1 (no PVL)		Multivariate 2 (with PVL)
Month 0 – Month 3	Beta (95% CI)	P value	Beta (95% CI)	P value	Beta (95% CI)	P value
Log10 reduction in plasma viral load	−0.030 (−0.043 to −0.018)	<0.001			−0.141 (−0.258 to −0.024)	0.019
Mean percent adherence	−0.039 (−0.049 to −0.028)	<0.001	−0.038 (−0.049 to −0.028)	<0.001	−0.032 (−0.045 to −0.019)	<0.001
Baseline CD4 <100 cells/μL	0.217 (−0.009 to 0.443)	0.060	0.200 (0.018 to 0.381)	0.031	0.204 (0.014 to 0.393)	0.036
Exposure to hormonal contraception
Exposure to DMPA	0.081 (−0.183 to 0.345)	0.545
Exposure to oral contraceptive pills	−0.173 (−0.612 to 0.266)	0.437
Exposure to Norplant	−0.087 (−0.602 to 0.429)	0.739
Vaginal Secretions
Month 0 – Month 6
Log10 reduction in plasma viral load	−0.039 (−0.053 to −0.026)	<0.001			−0.236 (−0.343 to −0.130)	<0.001
Mean percent adherence	−0.037 (−0.047 to −0.027)	<0.001	−0.033 (−0.044 to −0.023)	<0.001	−0.025 (−0.035 to −0.015)	<0.001
Resistance in plasma at month 6	0.999 (0.487 to 1.511)	<0.001	0.482 (0.025 to 0.939)	0.039	0.108 (−0.341 to 0.558)	0.633
Baseline CD4 <100 cells/μL	0.052 (−0.203 to 0.307)	0.688
Exposure to hormonal contraception
Exposure to DMPA	0.107 (−0.183 to 0.397)	0.467
Exposure to oral contraceptive pills	−0.213 (−0.692 to 0.266)	0.380
Exposure to Norplant	−0.237 (−0.801 to 0.328)	0.407

Beta = Change in reduction of genital HIV-1 RNA for each one-unit change in predictor variable. Negative betas represent greater reduction; positive betas represent smaller reduction.

DMPA = Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate

PVL = plasma viral load

^aAll coefficients adjusted for baseline genital HIV-1 RNA level. Multivariate 1 model includes all predictors other than plasma viral load that were associated with genital HIV-1 RNA levels on univariate analysis at p<0.10. Multivariate 2 model includes additional adjustment for reduction in plasma viral load. Cervical data were missing for one woman due to hysterectomy.

^bBoth multivariate models for cervical secretions over this period were also adjusted for the presence of bacterial vaginosis at baseline and month 6, which was associated with increased cervical HIV-1 RNA level in unadjusted analysis at p < 0.10 but not significant in the final models (p = 0.062 in Multivariate 1, p = 0.164 in Multivariate 2).