Table 2.

 Characteristics of the included studies on individualised marketing of “environmentally friendly” modes of transport (walking, cycling, and public transport)

Study	Country	Setting	Intervention	Control	Study population	Study design	Period of follow-up	Sample size*
Haq et al, 200432	England	Community	Individualised marketing along similar lines to IndiMark (see below)	Other households in the study areas that received no intervention	Households	Controlled cohort study	6 months‡	227
TravelSmart Brisbane (Marinelli and Roth), 200233	Australia	Community	Individualised marketing (IndiMark): provision of tailored information, advice, and incentives to encourage change in travel behaviour in interested households	Comparison area that received no intervention	Households	Controlled cohort study	6 months†	589
Viernheim Household Transport (TAPESTRY), 200334	Germany	Community	IndiMark (see above)	Comparison area that received no intervention	Households	Controlled repeat cross sectional study	6 or 8 months†	987
TravelSmart Perth (Department for Planning and Infrastructure, Government of Western Australia), 200335-37	Australia	Community	IndiMark (see above)	Comparison area that received no intervention	Households	Controlled repeat cross sectional study	6 months†	1959
TravelSmart Frome (Sustrans), 200238, 39	England	Community	IndiMark (see above)	Comparison area that received no intervention	Households	Controlled repeat cross sectional study	2-3 months†	749
TravelSmart Gloucester (Sustrans), 200440-42	England	Community	IndiMark (see above)	Comparison area that received no intervention	Households	Controlled repeat cross sectional study	3 and 8 months†	889
TravelSmart Nottingham (Sustrans), 200443	England	Community	IndiMark (see above)	Comparison area that received no intervention	Households	Controlled repeat cross sectional study§	6 months†	1337
TravelSmart Sheffield (Sustrans), 200444	England	Community	IndiMark (see above)	Comparison area that received no intervention	Households	Controlled repeat cross sectional study§	3 and 9 months†	986
TravelSmart Melville (Socialdata Australia), 200445	Australia	Community	IndiMark (see above)	Comparison area that received no intervention	Households	Controlled repeat cross sectional study	6 months†	589
TravelSmart Bishopston (Sustrans), 200446	England	Community	IndiMark (see above)	Comparison area that received no intervention	Households	Controlled repeat cross sectional study§	3 and 9 months†	993
TravelSmart Cramlington (Sustrans), 200447	England	Community	IndiMark (see above)	Comparison area that received no intervention	Households	Controlled repeat cross sectional study§	3 and 9 months†	796
Travel Options Kingston (Socialdata), 200448	England	Community	IndiMark (see above)	Comparison area that received no intervention	Households	Controlled repeat cross sectional study	1 and 10 months†	693
TravelSmart Doncaster (Socialdata, Sustrans), 200749	England	Community	IndiMark (see above)	Comparison area that received no intervention	Households	Controlled repeat cross sectional study	3 months†	1871
TravelSmart East Inverness (Socialdata, Sustrans), 200850	Scotland	Community	IndiMark (see above)	Comparison area that received no intervention	Households	Controlled repeat cross sectional study	6 months†	1129
TravelSmart Lancashire (Socialdata, Sustrans), 2006-751, 52	England	Community	IndiMark (see above)	Comparison area that received no intervention	Households	Controlled repeat cross sectional study	Variable	811
TravelSmart Gloucester (Barton, Tredworth, and White City; Sustrans), 200653	England	Community	IndiMark (see above)	Comparison area that received no intervention	Households	Controlled repeat cross sectional study	6 months†	1403

*Total number of participants in intervention and control groups combined at follow-up.

†Period of follow-up after completion of intervention.

‡Period of follow-up after inception of intervention (period of follow-up after completion either not reported or not applicable).

§Study involved elements of both repeated cross sectional and cohort designs.