Table 3.

 Characteristics of the included studies on interventions to change travel behaviour in general

Study	Country	Setting	Intervention	Control	Study population	Study design	Period of follow-up	Sample size*
Cervero et al, 200254-56	USA	Community	City CarShare caresharing club: members paid monthly fee, deposit, and fixed rate for car hire	Waiting list control group comprising people who had signed up to join but had not yet become full members	Members and aspiring members	Controlled repeat cross sectional study	9 months†	220
Hodgson et al, 199857	England	Community	Marketing campaign, based on theory of planned behaviour, that involved leaflets, exhibitions, and talks to raise awareness of environmental effects of motor transport and of alternative modes, in the context of improvements to local transport infrastructure	Households in comparison area that received no intervention	Households	Controlled repeat cross sectional study	2 years†	1218
Shoup, 199758, 59	USA	Workplace	Cash subsidy offered by employers to staff who did not require a parking space	One comparison workplace that did not implement the policy	Employees	Controlled repeat cross sectional study	1-3 years†	1807

*Total number of participants in intervention and control groups combined at follow-up.

†Period of follow-up after inception of intervention (period of follow-up after completion either not reported or not applicable).