Examples of conformations adopted by AP (shown here for poly-glutamic acid). (1) α-helix: a right-handed helix with (Φ, Ψ) = (-58°, -47°), and an i − i+4 hydrogen bonding pattern; (2) poly-proline II-like (PPII): a left-handed helix with (Φ, Ψ) = (-75°, +145°) which hydrogen bonds to water and does not undergo intramolecular hydrogen bonding.