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. 2010 Oct 4;1:10. doi: 10.1186/2041-9139-1-10

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Copyright ©2010 Pang et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Non-bilaterian animal relationships. (A) Representative images of non-bilaterian animals, Ctenophora (Mnemiopsis leidyi), Cnidaria (Nematostella vectensis), Placozoa (Trichoplax adhaerens) and Porifera (Dysidea spp.). Photos courtesy of William E. Browne and Eric Roettinger. (B-G) Alternate hypotheses on early animal evolution and the placement of the ctenophores, based on (B) morphological data, (C) 18S ribosomal RNA results, (D-F) different phylogenomic analyses and (G) a combined morphological and phylogenomic approach.